We take the time..... We take the time to explain and perform the job correctly. We can typically install a job within one week of estimate. Emergencies can be done within 24 hours on most occasions. We handle all warranty paperwork and are dligent about scheduling yearly planned maintenance to assure that the system runs efficiently for years to come. American Standard Furnaces and Air Conditioners Boilers and Hot Water Systems Radiant Heat

2013 Boss Heating,Cooling and Mechanical Services

Our experienced technicians work with a wide variety of home heating and cool systems to give you fully functional, comfortable air flow with top energy efficiency for your home. Whether you need a new system installed or emergency repairs, we are available twenty-four hours a day to serve you. Maintaining the right temperature in your home is essential to living, sleeping and enjoying your space. To keep your home warm and enjoyable in the winter, we install and repair furnaces, boilers, ducts, gas lines, geothermal heating and more. We also work with a wide range of air conditioning and central air systems to keep your home cool in the summer. We help you save money on your energy bill with top- quality, high-efficiency repairs and new models and give you state-of-the-art heating and cooling systems for every room in your home. Find out more about our services online and contact us to for more information. Call anytime to have an experienced repairman address your heating or cooling repairs, day or night..

Boss Heating and Cooling keeps your home comfortable all year round with a full list of repair, maintenance and installation services.

Residential and Commercial

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Heating and Cooling Service - HVAC Repair in Buffalo, NY ...

From the quotation to the installation the service was great and they worked around issues I had with a renovation so to sum it up a great buisnes to deal with

Efficient, came to quote and install the split system when they said they would. Pleasant to deal with. All installers helpful and polite. Took away all packaging

Good service, very helpful and knowledgeable and easy to deal with. Would highly recommend them.

Great service and support from the team. Installation was a quick turn around from quote to in-place. We used them for both Heating and Cooling this year. The installers they had were also fantastic and cleaned up after themselves and were mindful of our labrador not escaping.

Very positive experience - competitive price and all staff involved were very friendly and efficient.

The whole experience with Maroondah was very easy and stress free. Dave provided expert advice and gave a detailed quote on two Brivis evaporative systems that were configured for the layout of our house. The installers did a great job and even tidied up the mess before leaving. The installation also included interfacing the existing Brivis central heater and everything works extremely well. Finally, the Accounts team completed the experience by sending the invoice and warranty information.

My total experience with Maroondah Heating & Cooling was well above expectations, from the office staff to the onsite representatives. I would not hesitate recommending Maroondah Heating & Cooling they are great.

Last year they replaced my ducted heater and this week they replaced my evaporative cooler. Both times I found their customer service to be superb. Even before I decided to use their service, they were very patient in going through my options with me. Their work is efficient and of an excellent standard. I must say both times I had hiccups and accidents, but they were quick to rectify them.

Our 23 year old heater died in the coldest winter week for 60 odd years - timing! Maroodah Heating & Cooling returned my inquiry promptly, and were able to help out within a reasonable time frame from quote to installation. Very professional staff from admin to sales to plumbers. They recommended a suitable appliance with which we are very happy - should have switched units well before breakdown for the economy and heating effectiveness. Price was competitive, work exemplary.

I have been self-employed for over 40 years and found Maroondah to offer all the services that I would expect from a top quality established business. I would use them again and again if the need arose. They were very easy to work with and totally reliable in every way. Great job Maroondah it was a pleasure working with you

Everyone I dealt with was most obliging! The calculation and advise as to what was best suited to my requirements proved to be most accurate. The installation was performed by responsable and pleasant trades in a timely manner and just as promised

Excellent service from office to on-site attention to problem. New heater installed with a minimum of fuss by experienced installer who was polite, informative and most helpful. We would have no hesitatation in recommending Maroondah Heating & Cooling for all your service and installation needs.

Recently Dale and his crew installed a new ducted aircon system upstairs in our home. They did a brilliant job and were professional, efficient and courteous. Glenn who quoted the job, was professional and thorough in ensuring we had the best system at the best price. Thanks also to Fiona and colleagues in the office for their professionalism. This is the second time we have used Maroondah Heating and Cooling and highly recommend them to others.

Recently Dale and Daniel installed new ducting and 6 star heater in our home. They did a brilliant job and were professional, efficient and courteous. Dave who quoted the job, was professional and thorough in ensuring we got the best heating system for our home. Thanks too to office staff Fiona and colleagues for their professionalism. I highly recommend Maroondah Heating and Cooling to others.

Had a Brivis evap cooler fully installed, it was a better price than others had quoted. Information given and install times was helpful and they were true to their word with dates and times. Staff are good to deal with - Highly recommended.

Entire heating system needed replacing. Could not do anything other than heap praise on every single facet of the process. All staff were helpful, friendly, thorough, punctual, knowledgeable, polite and considerate. And if that is not enough, I had a deliciously warm and cosy home at the end of the process. Would not hesitate to highly recommend the company to the fussiest of people; indeed, I have done so.

My installation had some challenges, arising from my house layout, which were overcome. Very happy with the job done and the follow up service.

True to their word, they did a great job with our replacement Brivis heating and cooling units. Punctual and courteous, we would highly recommend Maroondah Heating and Cooling to all our family and friends.

Attention to detail by the helpful and informative staff. Accurate product description. Competent tradesman who arrive on time and inform the customer about any product inquiry during the installation. The office staff are helpful and assist with all matters concerning clerical administration efficiently. I would recommend this company with complete confidence.

Maroondah Heating provided excellent service from the discussion of a suitable heating/cooling system for my home to installing it in a most courteous and efficient manner. All appointments were punctually kept and personnel were professional and friendly. This was in stark contrast to two other firms who after attending for what was initially a repair job, failed to keep appointments, return phone calls or follow up when it became necessary to replace the whole system. I highly recommend Maroondah Heating and Cooling and will certainly deal with them in the future.

I found all the people I dealt with at Maroondah Heating to be friendly and helpful. Our heating stopped working over the cold snap and they tried their best to come and fit the new one ASAP. The installers - Luke and his guys were very polite. They were careful and considerate with my property. I would recommend this firm to anyone

We had a great experience with the team from Maroondah from the staff on the phone, in the office and the installer. Would highly recommend such a great organisation. They made the whole process quick, easy and affordable.Thanks to the whole team.

After having a local company tell us that the Evap cooling we wanted was not possible as were had limited roof space. Maroondah Heating and Cooling looked out of the square and successfully installed it. Wade and his team of installers arrived on time and got the job done. They were very professional and I would recommend them to anyone.

I'm a very happy customer and would highly recommend this company.My ducted heating died and I was about to go on holidays. The guys came and gave me options and the office girls provided quotes the same day. I was able to make arrangements for the installation the day before I returned from holidays. It all happened without any problems!No mess, no fuss. Seamless!!!The value add here for me was the on-site advice given by Dean on best type of unit for my needs. Then the follow through from the girls in the office to make it all happen. Nothing was too much trouble.Thank you!!

Spoke to Dave at Marooondah Heating when my ancient heater went on a blink. Dave just came over, did an inspection and offered to replace my complete system including ducts with added zones etc, with a Brivis one. A date was fixed and price agreed upon. The rest was like clockwork, and the installation was completed way before time - well it is winter and we did not spend a single night in the cold, thanks guys!!Happy to recommend their service to anyone who is looking for the best!

We were very impressed with the time and planning that went into the quote to replace our 35 year old central heating unit and ducting. Also the fact that there was no sales pressure and everything was explained in detail. Tradesman on the day were polite, tidy and organised, and answered any questions that we had. We had used this company 6 years ago for evaporative air con and were pleased with the the way the job was planned and implemented

We were very impressed with the time and planning that went into the quote to replace our 35 year old central heating unit and ducting. Also the fact that there was no sales pressure and everything was explained in detail. Tradesman on the day were polite, tidy and organised, and answered any questions that we had. We had used this company 6 years ago for evaporative air con and were pleased with the the way the job was planned and implemented

We called Maroondah Heating and Cooling to repair our old ducted heating system, the technician that came was on time and extremely informative, even though our old unit had to be replaced he explained why and made the necessary arrangements to have our unit replaced. They helped us make an informed decision and a time and date was made for the job to be done that week, a very easy changeover. we were very impressed with all the people we dealt with at Maroondah Heating and Cooling and would use them again and highly recommend them to anyone.

The guys did a great job and even handled a few tricky things that others might have complained about. They had done our ducting prior so i preferred to use the same co.

Excellent service, installed heating/cooling when they said they would with no fuss and no mess, terrific installation staff. Also excellent reports about after sales service from Family and Friends

I had a heating unit replaced recently, although the price was not the best but reasonable and the service was just brilliant! First, Paul who provided onsite quotation had thoroughly explained the replacement procedure and figured out a way to best install the unit, and this is really reassuring! On the day of installation, I had Luke came over, He s work was way beyond my expectation! He got rid of the old unit, leveled and paved the floor, installed new unit and even replaced nearly half of the duct (which was not included in the quoto,just because I asked if he can clean the front end of the duct and he replaced nearly 10 m duct! Big big thank you to Luke) for me in just one and a half hour! Excellent Briliant well done job,Luke!

They were great with their service of installing air conditioning into both properties and were very efficient in the installation and the guys were very courteous.

Really good company. I had called 5 people to get quotes, and only two actually called back. The other company came over and had a cursory glance at my broken down 30 year old system and named a price on the spot. Maroondah Heating and Cooling actually spent time doing a proper quote, checking out the old ducts, diagrams of the house and then gave me a quote that was $500 better!The guys who came and did the install were great too, inspected all the old ducts and explained that even thought they are old, they are fine, and then exactly why they are fine. Cleaned up after the installation and were considerate of my husband who was working from home that day too. And a very quick job as well! There was only a two day wait in booking it in and installation. Would totally recommend, even though they were booked out for a week for the initial quote, it was worth the wait.

Customer service excellent from reception, then Stuart who arranged for Dave to visit who was thorough and convinced me that he new what my best option was, ongoing communication re installation was prompt and professional and Justin completed the commissioning effectively -I highly recommend this organisation

Maroondah Heating and Cooling has friendly, knowledgeable people and great service. Easy to deal with and the guys cleaned up when they finished the job. Will recommend them to others.

Approximate cost: $2100

Approximate cost: $2500

Its been very delightful dealing with Maroondah Heating Services, right from when I had Daniel come out and thoroughly go through and check what was required with me and explained the best option. Josh was a very easy going young man who worked solid all day long, everything I asked he explained to me which gave me confidence and assured me of his knowledge of installations of heating systems. There was no mess left behind and I was really happy to see the old unit being taken away and thrown out. The customer service team who I spoke to were all extremely helpful to assist me with my enquiries. I can honestly say it was a very positive experience dealing with Maroondah Heating & Cooling and I will highly recommended there business to anyone.

Dear Daniel and Stuart,we've had our heating/cooling unit for a while now, and I just wanted to let you know we are really happy with it. It heats the whole house or just parts of it as required, it is fairly quiet, and very efficient at heating the house quickly when needed.We have only used the cooling on a couple of occasions so far, but again it has performed way beyond our expectations.Despite the hassles of additional boxing in, installing three phase power to the property, and lowering the ceiling of our bedroom to make it all fit, we both feel it was well worth the effort to get a system that does the job and does it well.So thank you for your expert advice, and quality installation. We wish you and all at Maroondah all the best for your future success.Best regards,Chris Dennis, Surrey Hills

Approximate cost: $5000

These guys turned up early, not late, they got as many guys on the job as needed to get it time efficiently, effectively and in a timely manner. They were very nice and willing to chat a little while still getting the job done. They were friendly, adaptable and respectful. And at the end they took me through to show me everything, so that I knew how to use things after they left. And they offer 6 year warranty on their work.

We recently had our home installed with evaporative by Maroondah. We were very please with the work completed particularly the way Daniel Brooks explained everything. He was very professional and informative. I found him quite outstanding compared with other salesmen. I will have no hesitation in recommending the company to my friends and family. We were very pleased with the service provided. Helen & Jeff.

My husband and I were delighted with the service from Maroondah Heating and Cooling. From the original email requesting a quote, the representative (Dave) who advised and quoted on the system best suited to our needs, through until the unit was installed by the team from MHC, led by Dale, we can only advise it was first class all the way, The office kept us well informed from start to finish and we can only add it has been a pleasure to work with this company ... just need to deal with this company ..just need some warmer weather to check out our new Daikin.

Had an install last week, the installers and electricians that were sent around did a great job neat professional job, very happy with the outcome, being a tradie myself its great seeing people take pride in their work and doing a great job.

The team at Maroondah Air have excellent service, right from receiving my quote for heating, the installation and finally how easy it was to redeem the cash back offer. Dale and Joe did a fantastic job on the installation, they were both very professional and knowledgeable in the positioning of the heating unit and heating vents and how the system works. Although we haven't had many cold days yet, I found the system warmed the house very quickly, and am glad I am prepared for the winter months ahead. The cash back offer is great, and the process on-line was very easy to follow and I was surprised how quickly my application was processed and payment received.Extremely pleased with everyone who was involved.

Supply and installation of ducted heating unit and removal of existing - the sales person was very clear and explained everything, the installers were courteous and helpfulApproximate cost: $2200

I had MHC install a ducted heating unit. Installation was no fuss and the installer did a great jobApproximate cost: $2500

Air conditioning to upper storey. Was a complicated job, but they found a way to install and were very courteous and did great work. Fantastic service.Approximate cost: $10,000

These guys supplied my multi-spilt Daikin air conditioner. From the word go they were very professional starting with avery detailed site survey and honest/practical recommendations that suit our needs (three bedrooms incl kids usage) perfrectyly. Highly recommend !! If you can, get Dave to handle your enquiries.Approximate cost: $6,500

Our ducted heating service broke down with only 4 days to settlement and final inspection on our house we sold, causing us mega stress. Luckily the technician who came to check the old unit recommended Maroondah Heating and Cooling. Their representative, Kirk, came out first thing the morning after our distressed phone call, quoted on the replacement system, took photos of where the unit was supposed to go in the roof and the next morning at 8 am Danny and Sam came to install the new unit, knowing exactly where the unit was to go and what to expect because of the photos. They had to go in through the roof, took out the old unit, installed the new one and connected up to the existing ducts. They were very efficient and clean, I was worried about damaging internal ceilings or walls that close to final inspection (which had happened previously when tradesman were up in the roof cavity) but not a single mark. The guys even removed their workbooks before entering the house so they would not mark the carpet! They also took away the old system, so not a trace was left of any work being done at ...

This is the 2nd time Maroondah Heating & Cooling have done work for me and I have no complaints. While the installation did take over 12 hours (mainly due to a 2 hour interruption during the day which was not the technicians fault), the technician did not want to leave until the job was finished - and we are very happy with the result.Approximate cost: $6000

Approximate cost: $2250

Approximate cost: $2360

Approximate cost: $2,400

Approximate cost: $2400.00

Ducted Heating with add-on cooling for new build.A few issues along the way, but dealt with respectfully. It did take some time to commission the A/C unit, but Maroondah heating took ownership of the problem and worked around my schedule.My only negative is that I requested a quote for complete installation, which I received and accepted, but then I was asked to prepare the ground for A/C install. i.e. Level the ground and provide concrete slab.After some 'negotiation', and a delay to the install, we met half way where I levelled the ground but Maroondah heating provided the concrete slab.Overall the system is working well, they came up with a design that other suppliers couldn't, and despite the hiccups I am still happy with the service. Also the team that came out to do the work were friendly, respectful, and left the site clean. I wish I could say that for other trades.I would definitely use them again, but I would be a little more diligent when checking what is and isn't included in the quote.Approximate cost: $15000

Very long established reliable firm. Quality products matched by quality work and complete assistance. Have used them for heating and cooling and we are very satisfied. Would highly recommend them.Approximate cost: $3900

supply and Installation of Bonair VSM65 evaporative cooling unit.I would like to thank Dave Cullen for his outstanding attention to detail and friendly approach, it was his professional attitude that mad me choose Maroondah heating and cooling.Approximate cost: $3800

We had ducted heating installed and from the quote to the final completion of the job, the service was excellent. Very good workers and staff over the phone with very good communication and updates. Highly recommended.

Installation of Evaporative Cooling, Great job , plenty of communication , friendly , informative staff , a good projectApproximate cost: $5000

Replaced old with new evaporative cooling system, fixed a few ducts. Easy quote, installed within 3 days of quote. Excellent communications, professional installation - cleaned up after themselves and left no rubbish behind.

Supply and installation of a split system air conditioner with the compressor/fan component mounted on the wall over a installed water tank. Great job, quick, clean and friendly. From Quote to installation it was only 4 working days and good follow-up on completion regarding satisfaction.Approximate cost: $3900

Evaporative Cooling installed. They were very efficient and all staff were very friendly. No hassles at all which is refershing in this day and age.Approximate cost: $3700

The guys installed new Evaporative Cooling for me. They arrived on time, cleaned up and left no mess. They even replaced some broken tiles on my roof. Thank You. I would recommend them to anyone. Good quote.Approximate cost: $3,500.00

Contacted Maroondah H&C for a quote on an evap cooler install. I know from experience the industry is full of cowboy installers, and I am very fussy with the trades I use on our place. We used Maroondah a few years back for a small AC job on a rental property, and following their good service then thought we'd give them another go this time round.Good to see nothing has changed - from first contact/quote with Dave Cullen, right up to the install with the other Dave & his crew, I still just cannot fault these guys!Communication was fantastic, quote Dave actually arrived early for the quote & install Dave was bang on stated arrival time.Install Dave & his two guys did a faultless job, absolutely no mess inside or out & also removed all their own rubbish. A real tradesman, not the 'get in & get out' type I was worried about getting.While you will always find someone to do your install a bit cheaper, trust me they won't do it better!Good job guys, already recommended you to several others - something I don't do unless I know they will get the same service we did.

The team came and evaluated our needs then organised and completed the installation of a new split system. The turn around from quote to installation was super quick considering the time of year. The guys were very knowledgeable of the product that would best suit our needs and how best to position the external unit for maximum efficiency. We're very happy with the service overall.

Install two air conditioners. From receiving the quote to the workers being very friendly and efficient and cleaning up the mess it was a positive experience.Approximate cost: $6500.00

I was supremely impressed with the service I received from the start. From the moment someone was sent out to evaluate my heating needs they were friendly, informative and professional.When the install went ahead the team sent out were very polite and respectful of my home. They were quick, cleaned up after themselves (including vacuuming my floors below the install) and made sure I knew exactly how to operate my new heating system before they left. They also made sure I knew who to contact if I had any problems or queries.Quality install which made me appreciate the value for money for the service provided and have full confidence in the product we had installed.

Installation of Evaporative Cooler Great price, friendly, professional and installation on time with no fuss.Approximate cost: $3900

refrigerated airconditioning installation (split system). Excellent service and would recommend to anyone.

Dave the owner was very friendly and helpful when he was doing up a quotation for an evaporative cooling unit. The crew who did the installation were ok overall.Approximate cost: $5000

We had an evaporative cooler installed, they were punctual, reliable, answered any questions properly, generally a very professional businessApproximate cost: $4000

Thanks to these guys who restored the faith that "tradie's" can be on time, clean and efficient.Appreciated the completion of work before the business wound up for a well earnt festive season break. Definitely will recommend to any friends who are looking to upgrade or install cooling (or heating).Approximate cost: $3800

Evap aircon installed throughout the house and not a spot of mess left anywhere! Workmen were obliging and pre installation work and communications outstanding. A very professional company!Approximate cost: $5000

Installation of Heating and cooling, workmen were very quick to get the job done, quality finish. Not happy about the bank charges for paying by credit card. this should be factored into pricing not passed onto customer at an additional cost.

Very professional, prompt and an all round great company to deal with. Appointments were made to fit in with my availability which made things very easy for me. Thank you!Approximate cost: $2,500

Installation of two split system air conditioners. Staff were incredibly helpful. Service was excellent. Installers arrived on time. Air conditioners are brilliant. Highest possible recommendation. Thank you.Approximate cost: $6000

Approximate cost: $4620

Ducted heating installation,prompt,professional service. Polite workmen who arrived on time and cleaned up their mess

Approximate cost: $2760.00

Approximate cost: $10000

Approximate cost: $3,200

We had a new Wall Furnace installed. The Installation went ahead on time. Cleanly installed and how to operate clearly explained. Friendly Service man, when purchasing unit all pros & cons were explained to us.

I had a heating unit replaced recently, although the price was not the best but reasonable and the service was just brilliant! First, Paul who provided onsite quotation had thoroughly explained the replacement procedure and figured out a way to best install the unit, and this is really reassuring! On the day of installation, I had Luke came over, He s work was way beyond my expectation! He got rid of the old unit, leveled and paved the floor, installed new unit and even replaced nearly half of the duct (which was not included in the quoto,just because I asked if he can clean the front end of the duct and he replaced nearly 10 m duct! Big big thank you to Luke) for me in just one and a half hour! Excellent Briliant well done job,Luke!

They were great with their service of installing air conditioning into both properties and were very efficient in the installation and the guys were very courteous.

Really good company. I had called 5 people to get quotes, and only two actually called back. The other company came over and had a cursory glance at my broken down 30 year old system and named a price on the spot. Maroondah Heating and Cooling actually spent time doing a proper quote, checking out the old ducts, diagrams of the house and then gave me a quote that was $500 better!The guys who came and did the install were great too, inspected all the old ducts and explained that even thought they are old, they are fine, and then exactly why they are fine. Cleaned up after the installation and were considerate of my husband who was working from home that day too. And a very quick job as well! There was only a two day wait in booking it in and installation. Would totally recommend, even though they were booked out for a week for the initial quote, it was worth the wait.

It is not often that writing a review about a company has given me such pleasure. My wife and I cannot praise too highly Dean and John for their work and commitment in doing an excellent job. Its certainly the first time we have seen tradesmen turning up with their own vacuum cleaner! Maroondah Air should be very proud of, and happy, that they have two tradesmen who obviously believe, and have been brought up to understand, there is nothing wrong in practicing those long gone days of hard work and courtesy. To coin the old phrase old habits die hard and as long as Maroondah Air employs people like this they cannot go wrong. It would be extremely remiss of me not to mention Bob who started the ball rolling when he first came to see us regarding the best installation within our means.Bob was extremely helpful, explained the problem with the ducting to the exhaust vent, how it had been incorrectly installed and the problem that may well have caused the central heating unit we had installed, to give up the ghost. Bob was extremely professional, polite and, more importantly, knew exactly what he was talking about in ...

We were recommended to you by our neighbors, and we can now see why.

Hi I just wanted to say thanks to the installers and electricians who carried out my recent installation. They were very professional and did a great neat and tidy installation. I am more than happy with the installation. As a tradie myself it is great to see fellow tradies who take pride in their work. Well done to those involved

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Maroondah Heating and Cooling-Heating and Cooling Systems ...

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Holiday Heating and Cooling is a family-owned, West St. Louis County heating and cooling company. As an A+ rated heating and cooling company by the Better Business Bureau and and Angie's List Super Service Award winner, Holiday Heating has been proud to provide heating and cooling installation and repair in West County for 50 years. We specialize in the fabrication and installation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems for new construction, residential, commercial, and replacement projects in Chesterfield, Ballwin, Ellisville, Manchester and Des Peres. We also repair heaters, furnaces, and AC units including any brand, make, or model unit.

24 hour emergency heating and AC repair services are available for all St. Louis county residences and businesses.

We ensure that all of our technicians share our companys dedication and commitment to customer satisfaction by making use of an extensive training program, making us St. Louis's only heating and cooling companies that has earned the 2014 Learning Achievement Award from Lennox Industries. In fact, this award was only given to 5 heating and cooling companies across the entire United States.

We offer the following heating and cooling services to the entire St. Louis metropolitan area. Whether you need 24/7 emergency response for your heating or cooling emergency or not, you can be assured that each heating and cooling service listed below will be delivered promptly and professionally.

Our complete St. Louis heating and cooling services include:

At Holiday Heating and Cooling, we are a Lennox Premier Dealer. This allows us to offer the latest Lennox heaters and air conditioners to West St. Louis County for both residential and industrial applications. Additionally, we offer superior repair and maintenance services for any old or new models of Lennox heating and cooling appliances and systems. Our certified and experienced technicians have a thorough knowledge of all heating and cooling systems, especially Lennox systems, which allows us to diagnose and repair all types of problems including both major repairs and minor system maintenance issues of your AC or heating units.

We can also install, replace, service, and repair any other brand heating and cooling system including:

There are currently a number of incentives and rebates that exist for individuals and companies who choose to install energy-efficient heating and cooling systems. At Holiday Heating and Cooling, we can help you to understand these heater and air conditioner rebates and help you to take advantage of these special savings and offers while they last. If you are considering an upgrade to an energy-efficient heating and cooling system, contact us to learn which special offers can help you save money on your St. Louis heating and cooling system installation or replacement project.

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Ballwin Heating And Air Conditioning: Repair & Installation

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The most important component of your Heating, Cooling and Ventilation System is the Professional you choose.

If you have been researching your heating and cooling options for your home, you'll probably have realised there's a lot of things to think about.

Truth is every home is different and there's no real "off the shelf" solutions and you don't want to make a costly mistake.

That's why it's always best to have a qualified professional heating & cooling specialist come to your house and give you free advice and a tailored quotation.

HCAA members design, install, maintain and service heating, air-conditioning, evaporative cooling or ventilation systems and can help you choose an efficient, cost effective system that will be the best solution across the life of your home.

You can download our Guide to System Selection or contact one our specialists listed above.

Members of the HCAA are specialists who have agreed to work to industry standards and abide by a code of ethics. These standards are your assurance of a professional approach to every phase of your job, whatever the size.

All members are also members of The Master Plumbers' & Mechanical Services Association of Australia which is the umbrella association for all segments of the plumbing industry.

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Your Heat Pump Could Be Dying, Leaving You At The Mercy Of The Weather OutsideAnd Paying Through The Nose For It!

If youve found that your heating has been less efficient and your bills have gone up lately, the most likely culprit is your heat pump. While its one of the most energy-efficient HVAC systems out there, it still ages and needs replacing.

Mechanical systems go through wear and tear, and its only natural for your old faithful heat pump to slowly go from its usual efficient levels of using minimal electricity to create up to four times extra energy. When your heat pump isnt working at its best, you lose heat and hemorrhage money through your bills.

Of courseyou could just leave it as it is and spend more money on continuing to heat your home sub-standardly for extra money. But a repair or installation will save you $$$ in the long run.

At Fulford Heating, we offer heat pump repairs and installation from NATE and HVAC qualified technicians who can help you with all your heat pump needs. From maintenance to repair to installation, our professionals have the knowledge and resources to fix your heat pump and restore it to its former gloryand shave those precious dollars off your electricity bill.

We carry all major heat pump brands at all budgets, including: Carrier, Rheem, Trane and Goodman, as well as parts to repair your heat pump if you dont require an installationafter all, if its broke and you can fix it, fix it!

Call Fulford Heating & Cooling today on (910) 842-6589 for your free estimate and best price from one of our experienced, certified and qualified HVAC technicians and discover why were Brunswick Countys favorite HVAC contractors.

Our service technicians are highly skilled and trained to install or repair any type of residential and commercial HVAC equipment. They also stay up-to-date in the industry by attending training classes. Many members of our staff are CFC certified and have a Journeymans Card.

Read More Coastal Coil Coating

If you live in one of our beautiful local coastal communities, it is a must that you protect your home from the corrosive properties within the salt water we all enjoy

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Al Fulford Heating & Cooling | HVAC Install, Repair ...

An efficient heating system is the key to creating comfortable living space. In our particularly cold Cleveland climate, it is of great importance to make sure your system is working properly and running efficiently. Nothing is more important to the Stack Family than ensuring your warmth and safety during Clevelands cold, long winters.

Stack Heating and Cooling is able to design and install the most efficient system for your home. Were also available to evaluate your current system, provide scheduled maintenance and service calls, too. Sign up for Stacks Comfort Club Maintenance Programand make sure your system is running properly, clean, and safe throughout the season.

No other single system in your home plays a larger role in your comfort or how much your utility bills will be than your heating system. We specialize in cost-effective high-efficiency heating solutions, including natural gas and electric furnaces, boilers and heat pumps.

When it comes to boilers, it is our opinion that nobody does it better that Stack Heating and Cooling. Our expertise in Steam and Boilers sets us apart from all other heating and cooling contractors in the Cleveland area, as we are the most trusted boiler authority in the area, and our reputation speaks for itself.

We can help you obtain comfortable air temperatures, no matter what the weather outside or the construction of your home. Stack Heating and Cooling is proud to install quality air conditioning systems that can provide that much-needed relief from the hot and humid summer weather we experience in our area.

Even if your home is heated without duct work, you too can experience the comfort of an air conditioned home, with our ductless and mini-duct air conditioning systems. Stack Heating and Cooling is able to design and install the most efficient system for your home or office. Were also available to evaluate your current system, provide scheduled maintenanceand service calls, too.

Sign up for Stacks Comfort Club Maintenance Program, and make sure your system is running properly, clean, and safe throughout the season.

Give us a call to evaluate your needs today!

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What separates us from other Cape Cod Heating Cooling Contractors? Luke and Alec, the owners, are native Cape Codders and graduates. Our phone is answered by one us, but if you must leave a message, Luke or Alec will call you back and quickly. We also have no problem with staying and completing a job even if that means staying past dark to get your HVAC system working properly.

Cape Cod Heating Cooling Contractors, A&L Heating, Cooling and Home Improvements, has been helping Cape Codders stay warm and cool since 2007. During that time we have developed an excellent reputation for quality, responsiveness, and fair pricing.

We maintain, repair, sell and install HVAC systems. Our HVAC repair services are available 24/7 and we can repair and maintain any brand.

In keeping with our love of energy efficiency, we are now a MassSave Preferred Contractor. We also sell and install new or replacement windows and doors for homes and businesses.

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Rite Way Heating, Cooling & Plumbing is an expert HVAC and Plumbing company serving homes and businesses in the Tucson AZ area with a wide range of air conditioning, heating and plumbing products.

At Rite Way, our objective is to keep your family warm in the winter and cool in the summer, by maintaining your homes heating system and air conditioner. We ensure that all the parts of your HVAC unit are properly cleaned and serviced so the system works optimally. During an annual maintenance call, our experienced contractor will inspect the furnace or air conditioner for signs of wear and tear, replacing air filters, installing new programmable thermostats, and advising you on the best Climate Control System for your Tucson home, when needed. Regular AC and furnace service will keep the energy efficiency of your HVAC system high so that your energy bills stay low!

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Here at Rite Way Heating, Cooling & Plumbing, we are air conditioning & heating contractors who specialize in energy efficient heating and cooling solutions that will give you maximum comfort.

Our heating and cooling professionals are expertly trained and certified in all aspects of air conditioning and furnace repair, service, maintenance, and installation of a replacement HVAC unit for your home.

Are you in need of heating repair or AC repair in Tucson, AZ? We are available to install, service or repair many types of heating and cooling systems. We also work with your homes water heating system and plumbing. Our knowledgeable staff will help you select the products or services that best fit your households needs and budget! We are proud to provide our services to homes in Tucson, Marana, Catalina, Oro Valley, Vail, Sahuarita, Green Valley and Tubac, AZ. Call us today at 520-282-4465 or contact us today to discuss your AC Repair, furnace service or water heating needs today!

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Quality Heating & Cooling Inc is dedicated to providing the best possible solution for your home or business. You can count on us to provide you with a system and solution that fits your unique needs and since we've installed many systems in this area, we've earned a reputation for doing the job right the first time.

As a Bryant dealer, with a wide variety of products to choose from, we can keep your family healthy and feeling comfortable all year long. We carry a complete line of indoor comfort equipment with innovations that raise the standards of comfort and reliability, including air conditioners,heat pumps, gas furnaces, programmable thermostats, humidifiers, ductless split systems, boilers, air cleaners, ultra violet lights, ventilators and zoning products. Let the experts at Quality Heating & Cooling Inchelp you customize a solution that's right for you.

We are service professionals! As licensed contractors and specialists in the field of heating and air-conditioning, we have the tools, the equipment, and the experience to keep your equipment running smoothly all year long. If it is emergency service that you need, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, we are available to assist you! To help reduce service emergencies, we offer service agreements to keep your comfort system running at peak performance.

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Heating, Cooling, Furnace & Air Conditioning Installation ...

"A/C" redirects here. For other uses, see AC.

Air conditioning (often referred to as 'A/C' or 'AC') is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more comfortable conditions, typically with the aim of distributing the conditioned air to an occupied space such as a building or a vehicle to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. In common use, an air conditioner is a device that lowers the air temperature. The cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free cooling is used. Air conditioning systems can also be made based on desiccants.[1]

In the most general sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of technology that modifies the condition of air (heating, cooling, (de-)humidification, cleaning, ventilation, or air movement). However, in construction, such a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC -as opposed to AC).[2]

The basic concept behind air conditioning is said to have been applied in ancient Egypt, where reeds were hung in windows and were moistened with trickling water. The evaporation of water cooled the air blowing through the window. This process also made the air more humid, which can be beneficial in a dry desert climate. In Ancient Rome, water from aqueducts was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them. Other techniques in medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool buildings during the hot season.[3]

Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by American inventor Willis Carrier. The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920s helped enable the great migration to the Sun Belt in the United States.

The 2nd-century Chinese inventor Ding Huan (fl 180) of the Han Dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels 3m (9.8ft) in diameter and manually powered.[4] In 747, Emperor Xuanzong (r. 712762) of the Tang Dynasty (618907) had the Cool Hall (Liang Tian) built in the imperial palace, which the Tang Yulin describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains. During the subsequent Song Dynasty (9601279), written sources mentioned the air conditioning rotary fan as even more widely used.[5]

In the 17th century, Cornelis Drebbel demonstrated "Turning Summer into Winter" for James I of England by adding salt to water.[6]

In 1758, Benjamin Franklin and John Hadley, a chemistry professor at Cambridge University, conducted an experiment to explore the principle of evaporation as a means to rapidly cool an object. Franklin and Hadley confirmed that evaporation of highly volatile liquids (such as alcohol and ether) could be used to drive down the temperature of an object past the freezing point of water. They conducted their experiment with the bulb of a mercury thermometer as their object and with a bellows used to speed-up the evaporation. They lowered the temperature of the thermometer bulb down to 14C (7F) while the ambient temperature was 18C (64F). Franklin noted that, soon after they passed the freezing point of water 0C (32F), a thin film of ice formed on the surface of the thermometer's bulb and that the ice mass was about a quarter-inch thick when they stopped the experiment upon reaching 14C (7F). Franklin concluded: "From this experiment one may see the possibility of freezing a man to death on a warm summer's day"[7]

In 1820, English scientist and inventor Michael Faraday discovered that compressing and liquefying ammonia could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate. In 1842, Florida physician John Gorrie used compressor technology to create ice, which he used to cool air for his patients in his hospital in Apalachicola, Florida.[8] He hoped to eventually use his ice-making machine to regulate the temperature of buildings. He even envisioned centralized air conditioning that could cool entire cities. Though his prototype leaked and performed irregularly, Gorrie was granted a patent in 1851 for his ice-making machine.[9] His hopes for its success vanished soon afterwards when his chief financial backer died; Gorrie did not get the money he needed to develop the machine. According to his biographer, Vivian M. Sherlock, he blamed the "Ice King", Frederic Tudor, for his failure, suspecting that Tudor had launched a smear campaign against his invention. Dr. Gorrie died impoverished in 1855, and the idea of air conditioning went away for 50 years.

Since prehistoric times, snow and ice were used for cooling. The business of harvesting ice during winter and storing for use in summer became popular towards the late 19th century.[10] This practice was replaced by mechanical ice-making machines.

James Harrison's first mechanical ice-making machine began operation in 1851 on the banks of the Barwon River at Rocky Point in Geelong (Australia). His first commercial ice-making machine followed in 1854, and his patent for an ether vapor compression refrigeration system was granted in 1855. This novel system used a compressor to force the refrigeration gas to pass through a condenser, where it cooled down and liquefied. The liquefied gas then circulated through the refrigeration coils and vaporised again, cooling down the surrounding system. The machine employed a 5m (16ft.) flywheel and produced 3,000 kilograms (6,600lb) of ice per day.[citation needed]

Though Harrison had commercial success establishing a second ice company back in Sydney in 1860, he later entered the debate over how to compete against the American advantage of unrefrigerated beef sales to the United Kingdom. He wrote: "Fresh meat frozen and packed as if for a voyage, so that the refrigerating process may be continued for any required period", and in 1873 prepared the sailing ship Norfolk for an experimental beef shipment to the United Kingdom. His choice of a cold room system instead of installing a refrigeration system upon the ship itself proved disastrous when the ice was consumed faster than expected.[11]

In 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Carrier in Buffalo, New York. After graduating from Cornell University, Carrier found a job at the Buffalo Forge Company. While there, he began experimenting with air conditioning as a way to solve an application problem for the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York. The first air conditioner, designed and built in Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July 1902.

Designed to improve manufacturing process control in a printing plant, Carrier's invention controlled not only temperature but also humidity. Carrier used his knowledge of the heating of objects with steam and reversed the process. Instead of sending air through hot coils, he sent it through cold coils (filled with cold water). The air was cooled, and thereby the amount of moisture in the air could be controlled, which in turn made the humidity in the room controllable. The controlled temperature and humidity helped maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment. Later, Carrier's technology was applied to increase productivity in the workplace, and The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America was formed to meet rising demand. Over time, air conditioning came to be used to improve comfort in homes and automobiles as well. Residential sales expanded dramatically in the 1950s.

In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina was exploring ways to add moisture to the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the term "air conditioning", using it in a patent claim he filed that year as an analogue to "water conditioning", then a well-known process for making textiles easier to process. He combined moisture with ventilation to "condition" and change the air in the factories, controlling the humidity so necessary in textile plants. Willis Carrier adopted the term and incorporated it into the name of his company.[citation needed]

Shortly thereafter, the first private home to have air conditioning was built in Chapel Hill, North Carolina in 1933. Realizing that air conditioning would one day be a standard feature of private homes, particularly in regions with warmer climate, David St. Pierre DuBose (1898-1994) designed a network of ductwork and vents for his home Meadowmont, all disguised behind intricate and attractive Georgian-style open moldings. This building is believed to be one of the first private homes in the United States equipped for central air conditioning.[12]

In 1945, Robert Sherman of Lynn, Massachusetts invented a portable, in-window air conditioner that cooled, heated, humidified, dehumidified, and filtered the air. The idea was subsequently stolen[citation needed] by a large manufacturer.[which?] Sherman did not have the resources to fight the big corporation in court and thus never received any money or recognition. He died in 1962.[13]

The first air conditioners and refrigerators employed toxic or flammable gases, such as ammonia, methyl chloride, or propane, that could result in fatal accidents when they leaked. Thomas Midgley, Jr. created the first non-flammable, non-toxic chlorofluorocarbon gas, Freon, in 1928. The name is a trademark name owned by DuPont for any chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), or hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant. The refrigerant names include a number indicating the molecular composition (e.g., R-11, R-12, R-22, R-134A). The blend most used in direct-expansion home and building comfort cooling is an HCFC known as R-22.

R-12 was the most common blend used in automobiles in the US until 1994, when most designs changed to R-134A due to the ozone-depleting potential of R-12. R-11 and R-12 are no longer manufactured in the US for this type of application, so the only source for air-conditioning repair purposes is the cleaned and purified gas recovered from other air conditioner systems. Several non-ozone-depleting refrigerants have been developed as alternatives, including R-410A. It was first commercially used by Carrier Corp. under the brand name Puron.

Modern refrigerants have been developed to be more environmentally safe than many of the early chlorofluorocarbon-based refrigerants used in the early- and mid-twentieth century. These include HCFCs (R-22, as used in most U.S. homes even before 2011) and HFCs (R-134a, used in most cars) have replaced most CFC use. HCFCs, in turn, are supposed to have been in the process of being phased out under the Montreal Protocol and replaced by HFCs such as R-410A, which lack chlorine.[citation needed] HFCs, however, contribute to climate change problems. Moreover, policy and political influence by corporate executives resisted change.[14][15] Corporations insisted that no alternatives to HFCs existed. The environmental organization Greenpeace solicited a European laboratory to research an alternative ozone- and climate-safe refrigerant in 1992, gained patent rights to a hydrocarbon mix of isopentane and isobutane, but then left the technology as open access.[16][17] Their activist marketing first in Germany led to companies like Whirlpool, Bosch, and later LG and others to incorporate the technology throughout Europe, then Asia, although the corporate executives resisted in Latin America, so that it arrived in Argentina produced by a domestic firm in 2003, and then finally with giant Bosch's production in Brazil by 2004.[18][19] In 1995, Germany made CFC refrigerators illegal.[20] DuPont and other companies blocked the refrigerant in the U.S. with the U.S. E.P.A., disparaging the approach as "that German technology."[19][21] Nevertheless, in 2004, Greenpeace worked with multinational corporations like Coca-Cola and Unilever, and later Pepsico and others, to create a corporate coalition called Refrigerants Naturally!.[20][22] Then, four years later, Ben & Jerry's of Unilever and General Electric began to take steps to support production and use in the U.S.[23][24] Only in 2011 did the E.P.A. finally decide in favor of the ozone- and climate-safe refrigerant for U.S. manufacture.[16][25][26]

In the refrigeration cycle, heat is transported from a colder location to a hotter area. As heat would naturally flow in the opposite direction, work is required to achieve this. A refrigerator is an example of such a system, as it transports the heat out of the interior and into its environment (i.e., the room). The refrigerant is used as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere.

Circulating refrigerant vapor enters the compressor and is compressed to a higher pressure, resulting in a higher temperature as well. The hot, compressed refrigerant vapor is now at a temperature and pressure at which it can be condensed and is routed through a condenser. Here it is cooled by air flowing across the condenser coils and condensed into a liquid. Thus, the circulating refrigerant moves heat from the system and the heat is carried away by the air.

The condensed and pressurized liquid refrigerant is next routed through an expansion valve where it undergoes an abrupt reduction in pressure. That pressure reduction results in flash evaporation of a part of the liquid refrigerant, lowering its temperature. The cold refrigerant is then routed through the evaporator. A fan blows the warm air (which is to be cooled) across the evaporator, causing the liquid part of the cold refrigerant mixture to evaporate as well, further lowering the temperature. The warm air is therefore cooled.

To complete the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapor is routed back into the compressor.

By placing the condenser inside a compartment, and the evaporator in the ambient environment (such as outside), or by merely running an air conditioner's refrigerant in the opposite direction, the overall effect is the opposite, and the compartment is heated instead of cooled. See also heat pump.

The engineering of physical and thermodynamic properties of gasvapor mixtures is called psychrometrics.

A heat pump is an air conditioner in which the refrigeration cycle can be reversed, producing heating instead of cooling in the indoor environment. They are also commonly referred to as a "reverse cycle air conditioner". The heat pump is significantly more energy efficient than electric resistance heating. Some homeowners elect to have a heat pump system installed as a feature of a central air conditioner. When the heat pump is in heating mode, the indoor evaporator coil switches roles and becomes the condenser coil, producing heat. The outdoor condenser unit also switches roles to serve as the evaporator, and discharges cold air (colder than the ambient outdoor air).

Air-source heat pumps are more popular in milder winter climates where the temperature is frequently in the range of 4055F (413C), because heat pumps become inefficient in more extreme cold. This is because ice forms on the outdoor unit's heat exchanger coil, which blocks air flow over the coil. To compensate for this, the heat pump system must temporarily switch back into the regular air conditioning mode to switch the outdoor evaporator coil back to being the condenser coil, so that it can heat up and defrost. A heat pump system will therefore have a form of electric resistance heating in the indoor air path that is activated only in this mode in order to compensate for the temporary indoor air cooling, which would otherwise be uncomfortable in the winter. The icing problem becomes much more severe with lower outdoor temperatures, so heat pumps are commonly installed in tandem with a more conventional form of heating, such as a natural gas or oil furnace, which is used instead of the heat pump during harsher winter temperatures. In this case, the heat pump is used efficiently during the milder temperatures, and the system is switched to the conventional heat source when the outdoor temperature is lower.

Absorption heat pumps are a kind of air-source heat pump, but they do not depend on electricity to power them. Instead, gas, solar power, or heated water is used as a main power source. An absorption pump dissolves ammonia gas in water, which gives off heat. Next, the water and ammonia mixture is depressurized to induce boiling, and the ammonia is boiled off, which absorbs heat from the outdoor air.[27]

Some more expensive window air conditioning units have a true heat pump function. However, a window unit may only have an electric resistance heater.

In very dry climates, evaporative coolers, sometimes referred to as swamp coolers or desert coolers, are popular for improving coolness during hot weather. An evaporative cooler is a device that draws outside air through a wet pad, such as a large sponge soaked with water. The sensible heat of the incoming air, as measured by a dry bulb thermometer, is reduced. The total heat (sensible heat plus latent heat) of the entering air is unchanged. Some of the sensible heat of the entering air is converted to latent heat by the evaporation of water in the wet cooler pads. If the entering air is dry enough, the results can be quite substantial.

Evaporative coolers tend to feel as if they are not working during times of high humidity, when there is not much dry air with which the coolers can work to make the air as cool as possible for dwelling occupants. Unlike other types of air conditioners, evaporative coolers rely on the outside air to be channeled through cooler pads that cool the air before it reaches the inside of a house through its air duct system; this cooled outside air must be allowed to push the warmer air within the house out through an exhaust opening such as an open door or window.[28] These coolers cost less and are mechanically simple to understand and maintain.

An early type of cooler, using ice for a further effect, was patented by John Gorrie of Apalachicola, Florida in 1842. He used the device to cool the patients in his malaria hospital.[citation needed]

Air conditioning can also be provided by a process called free cooling which uses pumps to circulate a coolant (typically water or a glycol mix) from a cold source, which in turn acts as a heat sink for the energy that is removed from the cooled space. Common storage media are deep aquifers or a natural underground rock mass accessed via a cluster of small-diameter boreholes, equipped with heat exchanger. Some systems with small storage capacity are hybrid systems, using free cooling early in the cooling season, and later employing a heat pump to chill the circulation coming from the storage. The heat pump is added because the temperature of the storage gradually increases during the cooling season, thereby declining its effectiveness.

Free cooling systems can have very high efficiencies, and are sometimes combined with seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) so the cold of winter can be used for summer air conditioning. Free cooling and hybrid systems are mature technology.[29]

Since humans perspire to provide natural cooling by the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, drier air (up to a point) improves the comfort provided. The comfort air conditioner is designed to create a 40% to 60% relative humidity in the occupied space.

Refrigeration air conditioning equipment usually reduces the absolute humidity of the air processed by the system. The relatively cold (below the dewpoint) evaporator coil condenses water vapor from the processed air, much like an ice-cold drink will condense water on the outside of a glass. Therefore, water vapor is removed from the cooled air and the relative humidity in the room is lowered. The water is usually sent to a drain or may simply drip onto the ground outdoors. The heat is rejected by the condenser which is located outside of room to be cooled.

A specialized air conditioner that is used only for dehumidifying is called a dehumidifier. It also uses a refrigeration cycle, but differs from a standard air conditioner in that both the evaporator and the condenser are placed in the same air path. A standard air conditioner transfers heat energy out of the room because its condenser coil releases heat outside. However, since all components of the dehumidifier are in the same room, no heat energy is removed. Instead, the electric power consumed by the dehumidifier remains in the room as heat, so the room is actually heated, just as by an electric heater that draws the same amount of power.

In addition, if water is condensed in the room, the amount of heat previously needed to evaporate that water also is re-released in the room (the latent heat of vaporization). The dehumidification process is the inverse of adding water to the room with an evaporative cooler, and instead releases heat. Therefore, an in-room dehumidifier always will warm the room and reduce the relative humidity indirectly, as well as reducing the humidity directly by condensing and removing water.

Inside the unit, the air passes over the evaporator coil first, and is cooled and dehumidified. The now dehumidified, cold air then passes over the condenser coil where it is warmed up again. Then the air is released back into the room. The unit produces warm, dehumidified air and can usually be placed freely in the environment (room) that is to be conditioned.

Dehumidifiers are commonly used in cold, damp climates to prevent mold growth indoors, especially in basements. They are also used to protect sensitive equipment from the adverse effects of excessive humidity in tropical countries.

In a thermodynamically closed system, any power dissipated into the system that is being maintained at a set temperature (which is a standard mode of operation for modern air conditioners) requires that the rate of energy removal by the air conditioner increase. This increase has the effect that, for each unit of energy input into the system (say to power a light bulb in the closed system), the air conditioner removes that energy.[30] In order to do so, the air conditioner must increase its power consumption by the inverse of its "efficiency" (coefficient of performance) times the amount of power dissipated into the system. As an example, assume that inside the closed system a 100W heating element is activated, and the air conditioner has an coefficient of performance of 200%. The air conditioner's power consumption will increase by 50W to compensate for this, thus making the 100W heating element cost a total of 150W of power.

It is typical for air conditioners to operate at "efficiencies" of significantly greater than 100%.[31] However, it may be noted that the input electrical energy is of higher thermodynamic quality (lower entropy) than the output thermal energy (heat energy).

Air conditioner equipment power in the U.S. is often described in terms of "tons of refrigeration". A ton of refrigeration is approximately equal to the cooling power of one short ton (2000 pounds or 907 kilograms) of ice melting in a 24-hour period. The value is defined as 12,000 BTU per hour, or 3517 watts.[32] Residential central air systems are usually from 1 to 5 tons (3 to 20 kilowatts (kW)) in capacity.

For residential homes, some countries set minimum requirements for energy efficiency. In the United States, the efficiency of air conditioners is often (but not always) rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). The higher the SEER rating, the more energy efficient is the air conditioner. The SEER rating is the BTU of cooling output during its normal annual usage divided by the total electric energy input in watt hours (Wh) during the same period.[33]

this can also be rewritten as:

For example, a 5000 BTU/h air-conditioning unit, with a SEER of 10, would consume 5000/10 = 500 Watts of power on average.

The electrical energy consumed per year can be calculated as the average power multiplied by the annual operating time:

Assuming 1000 hours of operation during a typical cooling season (i.e., 8 hours per day for 125 days per year).

Another method that yields the same result, is to calculate the total annual cooling output:

Then, for a SEER of 10, the annual electrical energy usage would be:

SEER is related to the coefficient of performance (COP) commonly used in thermodynamics and also to the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). The EER is the efficiency rating for the equipment at a particular pair of external and internal temperatures, while SEER is calculated over a whole range of external temperatures (i.e., the temperature distribution for the geographical location of the SEER test). SEER is unusual in that it is composed of an Imperial unit divided by an SI unit. The COP is a ratio with the same metric units of energy (joules) in both the numerator and denominator. They cancel out, leaving a dimensionless quantity. Formulas for the approximate conversion between SEER and EER or COP are available from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company:[34]

From equation (2) above, a SEER of 13 is equivalent to a COP of 3.43, which means that 3.43 units of heat energy are pumped per unit of work energy.

The United States now requires that residential systems manufactured in 2006 have a minimum SEER rating of 13 (although window-box systems are exempt from this law, so their SEER is still around 10).

Window unit air conditioners are installed in an open window. The interior air is cooled as a fan blows it over the evaporator. On the exterior the heat drawn from the interior is dissipated into the environment as a second fan blows outside air over the condenser. A large house or building may have several such units, permitting each room to be cooled separately.[35]

Packaged terminal air conditioner (PTAC) systems are also known as wall-split air conditioning systems.[citation needed] They are ductless systems. PTACs, which are frequently used in hotels, have two separate units (terminal packages), the evaporative unit on the interior and the condensing unit on the exterior, with an opening passing through the wall and connecting them. This minimizes the interior system footprint and allows each room to be adjusted independently. PTAC systems may be adapted to provide heating in cold weather, either directly by using an electric strip, gas, or other heater, or by reversing the refrigerant flow to heat the interior and draw heat from the exterior air, converting the air conditioner into a heat pump. While room air conditioning provides maximum flexibility, when used to cool many rooms at a time it is generally more expensive than central air conditioning.

The first practical through-the-wall air conditioning unit was invented by engineers at Chrysler Motors and offered for sale starting in 1935.[36]

Split-system air conditioners come in two forms: mini-split and central systems. In both types, the inside-environment (evaporative) heat exchanger is separated by some distance from the outside-environment (condensing unit) heat exchanger.

A mini-split system typically supplies chilled air to a single or a few rooms of a building.[37] Mini-split systems typically produce 9,000to 36,000Btu (9,50038,000kJ) per hour of cooling.[38]

Advantages of the ductless system include smaller size and flexibility for zoning or heating and cooling individual rooms. The inside wall space required is significantly reduced. Also, the compressor and heat exchanger can be located farther away from the inside space, rather than merely on the other side of the same unit as in a PTAC or window air conditioner. Flexible exterior hoses lead from the outside unit to the interior one(s); these are often enclosed with metal to look like common drainpipes from the roof. In addition, ductless systems offer higher efficiency, reaching above 30 SEER.[39]

The primary disadvantage of ductless air conditioners is their cost. Such systems cost about US$1,500 to US$2,000 per ton (12,000 BTU per hour) of cooling capacity. This is about 30% more than central systems (not including ductwork) and may cost more than twice as much as window units of similar capacity."[40]

An additional possible disadvantage that may increase net cost is that ductless systems may sometimes not be eligible for energy efficiency rebates offered by many electric utility companies as part of an incentive program to reduce summer cooling load on the electrical grid.[41]

Central (ducted) air conditioning offers whole-house or large-commercial-space cooling, and often offers moderate multi-zone temperature control capability by the addition of air-louver-control boxes.

In central air conditioning, the inside heat-exchanger is typically placed inside the central furnace/AC unit of the forced air heating system which is then used in the summer to distribute chilled air throughout a residence or commercial building.

A portable air conditioner can be easily transported inside a home or office. They are currently available with capacities of about 5,00060,000BTU/h (1,80018,000W output) and with or without electric-resistance heaters. Portable air conditioners are either evaporative or refrigerative.

The compressor-based refrigerant systems are air-cooled, meaning they use air to exchange heat, in the same way as a car or typical household air conditioner does. Such a system dehumidifies the air as it cools it. It collects water condensed from the cooled air and produces hot air which must be vented outside the cooled area; doing so transfers heat from the air in the cooled area to the outside air.

A portable system has an indoor unit on wheels connected to an outdoor unit via flexible pipes, similar to a permanently fixed installed unit.

Hose systems, which can be monoblock or air-to-air, are vented to the outside via air ducts. The monoblock type collects the water in a bucket or tray and stops when full. The air-to-air type re-evaporates the water and discharges it through the ducted hose and can run continuously.

A single-hose unit uses air from within the room to cool its condenser, and then vents it outside. This air is replaced by hot air from outside or other rooms (due to the negative pressure inside the room), thus reducing the unit's effectiveness.[42]

Modern units might have a coefficient of performance of approximately 3 (i.e., 1kW of electricity will produce 3kW of cooling). A dual-hose unit draws air to cool its condenser from outside instead of from inside the room, and thus is more effective than most single-hose units.

Evaporative coolers, sometimes called "swamp coolers", do not have a compressor or condenser. Liquid water is evaporated on the cooling fins, releasing the vapor into the cooled area. Evaporating water absorbs a significant amount of heat, the latent heat of vaporisation, cooling the air. Humans and animals use the same mechanism to cool themselves by sweating.

Evaporative coolers have the advantage of needing no hoses to vent heat outside the cooled area, making them truly portable. They are also very cheap to install and use less energy than refrigerative air conditioners.

Air-conditioning engineers broadly divide air conditioning applications into comfort and process applications.

Comfort applications aim to provide a building indoor environment that remains relatively constant despite changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads.

Air conditioning makes deep plan buildings feasible, for otherwise they would have to be built narrower or with light wells so that inner spaces received sufficient outdoor air via natural ventilation. Air conditioning also allows buildings to be taller, since wind speed increases significantly with altitude making natural ventilation impractical for very tall buildings.[citation needed] Comfort applications are quite different for various building types and may be categorized as:

The structural impact of an air conditioning unit will depend on the type and size of the unit.[45]

In addition to buildings, air conditioning can be used for many types of transportation, including automobiles, buses and other land vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft.

Air conditioning is common in the US, with 88% of new single-family homes constructed in 2011 including air conditioning, ranging from 99% in the South to 62% in the West.[46] In Canada, air conditioning use varies by province. In 2013, 55% of Canadian households reported having an air conditioner, with high use in Manitoba (80%), Ontario (78%), Saskatchewan (67%), and Quebec (54%) and lower use in Prince Edward Island (23%), British Columbia (21%), and Newfoundland and Labrador (9%).[47] In Europe, home air conditioning is generally less common. Southern European countries such as Greece have seen a wide proliferation of home air-conditioning units in recent years.[48] In another southern European country, Malta, it is estimated that around 55% of households have an air conditioner installed.[49] In India AC sales have dropped by 40% [clarification needed] due to higher costs and stricter energy efficiency regulations.[50]

Process applications aim to provide a suitable environment for a process being carried out, regardless of internal heat and humidity loads and external weather conditions. It is the needs of the process that determine conditions, not human preference. Process applications include these:

In both comfort and process applications, the objective may be to not only control temperature, but also humidity, air quality, and air movement from space to space.

Air-conditioning systems can promote the growth and spread of microorganisms,[51] such as Legionella pneumophila, the infectious agent responsible for Legionnaires' disease, or thermophilic actinomycetes; however, this is only prevalent in poorly maintained water cooling towers. As long as the cooling tower is kept clean (usually by means of a chlorine treatment), these health hazards can be avoided.

Conversely, air conditioning (including filtration, humidification, cooling and disinfection) can be used to provide a clean, safe, hypoallergenic atmosphere in hospital operating rooms and other environments where an appropriate atmosphere is critical to patient safety and well-being. Excessive air conditioning can have a negative effect on skin, drying it out,[52] and can also cause dehydration.[53]

Innovation in air conditioning technologies continues, with much recent emphasis placed on energy efficiency. Production of the electricity used to operate air conditioners has an environmental impact, including the release of greenhouse gasses.

Cylinder unloaders are a method of load control used mainly in commercial air conditioning systems. On a semi-hermetic (or open) compressor, the heads can be fitted with unloaders which remove a portion of the load from the compressor so that it can run better when full cooling is not needed. Unloaders can be electrical or mechanical.

In an automobile, the A/C system will use around 4 horsepower (3kW) of the engine's power, thus increasing fuel consumption of the vehicle.[54]

Most refrigerants used for air conditioning contribute to global warming, and many also deplete the ozone layer.[55] CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs are potent greenhouse gases when leaked to the atmosphere.

The use of CFC as a refrigerant was once common, being used in the refrigerants R-11 and R-12 (sold under the brand name Freon-12). Freon refrigerants were commonly used during the 20th century in air conditioners due to their superior stability and safety properties. However, these chlorine-bearing refrigerants reach the upper atmosphere when they escape.[56] Once the refrigerant reaches the stratosphere, UV radiation from the Sun homolytically cleaves the chlorine-carbon bond, yielding a chlorine radical. These chlorine radicals catalyze the breakdown of ozone into diatomic oxygen, depleting the ozone layer that shields the Earth's surface from strong UV radiation. Each chlorine radical remains active as a catalyst until it binds with another radical, forming a stable molecule and breaking the chain reaction.

Prior to 1994, most automotive air conditioning systems used R-12 as a refrigerant. It was replaced with R-134a refrigerant, which has no ozone depletion potential. Old R-12 systems can be retrofitted to R-134a by a complete flush and filter/dryer replacement to remove the mineral oil, which is not compatible with R-134a.

R-22 (also known as HCFC-22) has a global warming potential about 1,800 times higher than CO2.[57] It was phased out for use in new equipment by 2010, and is to be completely discontinued by 2020. Although these gasses can be recycled when air conditioning units are disposed of, uncontrolled dumping and leaking can release gas directly into the atmosphere.

In the UK, the Ozone Regulations[58] came into force in 2000 and banned the use of ozone depleting HCFC refrigerants such as R22 in new systems. The Regulation banned the use of R22 as a "top-up" fluid for maintenance between 2010 (for virgin fluid) and 2015 (for recycled fluid). This means that equipment that uses R22 can still operate, as long as it does not leak. Although R22 is now banned, units that use the refrigerant can still be serviced and maintained.[59]

In most countries[which?] the manufacture and use of CFCs has been banned or severely restricted due to concerns about ozone depletion (see also Montreal Protocol).[60] In light of these environmental concerns, beginning on November 14, 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has restricted the sale, possession and use of refrigerant to only licensed technicians, per rules under sections 608 and 609 of the Clean Air Act.[61]

As an alternative to conventional refrigerants, other gases, such as CO2 (R-744), have been proposed.[62] R-744 is being adopted as a refrigerant in Europe and Japan. It is an effective refrigerant with a global warming potential of 1, but it must use higher compression to produce an equivalent cooling effect.[citation needed]

In 1992, a non-governmental organization[who?] was spurred by corporate executive policies and requested that a European lab find substitute refrigerants. This led to two alternatives, one a blend of propane (R290) and isobutane (R60Oa), and one of pure isobutane.[17][20] Industry resisted change in Europe until 1993, and in the U.S. until 2011, despite some supportive steps in 2004 and 2008 (see Refrigerant Development above).[26][63]

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