What are molds?

Molds are tiny microscopic organisms that digest organic matter and reproduce by releasing spores. Molds are a type of fungi and there are over 100,000 species. In nature, mold helps decompose or break-down leaves, wood and other plant debris. Molds become a problem when they go where they are not wanted and digest materials such as our homes.

Mold enters your home as tiny spores. The spores need moisture to begin growing, digesting and destroying. Molds can grow on almost any surface, such aswood, ceiling tiles, wallpaper, paints, carpet, sheet rock, and insulation. The mold grows best when there is lots of moisture from a leaky roof, high humidity, or flood. There is no way to get rid of all molds and mold spores from your home. But you can control mold growth by keeping your home dry.

When molds are disturbed, they release spores into the air. You can be exposed by breathing air containing these mold spores. You can also be exposed through touching moldy items, eating moldy food or accidental hand to mouth contact.

Most molds do not harm healthy people. But people who have allergies or asthma may be more sensitive to molds. Sensitive people may experience skin rash, running nose, eye irritation, cough, nasal congestion, aggravation of asthma or difficulty breathing. People with an immune suppression or underlying lung disease, may be at increased risk for infections from molds.

A small number of molds produce toxins called mycotoxins. When people are exposed to high levels of mold mycotoxins they may suffer toxic effects, including fatigue, nausea, headaches, and irritation to the lungs and eyes. If you or your family members have health problems that you suspect are caused by exposure to mold, you should consult with your physician.

You know you have mold when you smell the "musty" odor or see small black or white specks along your damp bathroom or basement walls. Some mold is hidden growing behind wall coverings or ceiling tiles. Even dry, dead mold can cause health problems, so always take precautions when you suspect mold.

Mold is often found in areas where water has damaged building materials and furniture from flooding or plumbing leaks. Mold can also be found growing along walls where warm moist air condenses on cooler wall surfaces, such as inside cold exterior walls, behind dressers, headboards, and in closets where articles are stored against walls. Mold often grows in rooms with both high water usage and humidity, such as kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, and basements. If you notice mold or know of water damaged areas in your home, it is time to take action to control its growth.

You don't need to sample for mold because in most cases you can see or smell mold. Even a clean, dry house will have some mold spores, but not enough to cause health problems. If you smell mold it may be hidden behind wallpaper, in the walls or ceiling, or under the carpet. If you suspect you have hidden mold be very careful when you investigate, protect yourself from exposure in the same manner as you would for a clean-up.

Yes you can. Dry out the house and fix any moisture problems in your home:

Stop water leaks, repair leaky roofs and plumbing. Keep water away from concrete slabs and basement walls.

Open windows and doors to increase air flow in your home, especially along the inside of exterior walls. Use a fan if there are no windows available.

Make sure that warm air flows into all areas of the home. Move large objects a few inches away from the inside of exterior walls to increase air circulation.

Install and use exhaust fans in bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms.

Ventilate and insulate attic and crawl spaces. Use heavy plastic to cover earth floors in crawl spaces.

Clean and dry water damaged carpets, clothing, bedding, and upholstered furniture within 24 to 48 hours, or consider removing and replacing damaged furnishings.

Vacuum and clean your home regularly to remove mold spores.

Check around your windows for signs of condensation and water droplets. Wipe them up right away so mold cant start to grow.

Clean up mold and take care of the problem by following the advice above to keep your home dry and keep mold out. Act fast! Mold damages your home as it grows. Clean it up as soon as possible.

Decide if you have a large or small area of mold. A small area is less than about ten square feet, or a patch three feet by three feet square. To clean a small area, follow the advice below. You may use a cotton face mask for protection.

If you have a lot of mold damage (more than ten square feet) consider hiring a cleaning professional. If the moldy area has been contaminated by sewage or is in hidden places, hire a professional. To find a professional, check under "Fire and Water Damage Restoration" in your Yellow Pages. If you decide to clean up on your own, follow the guidance below.

Wear goggles, gloves, and breathing protection while working in the area. For large consolidated areas of mold growth, you should wear an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) approved particle mask.

Seal off area from the rest of your home. Cover heat registers or ventilation ducts/grills. Open a window before you start to clean up.

Remove all your furnishings to a mold-free area. Clean the surrounding moldy area then follow cleaning directions below for the items you removed and the new space.

Bag all moldy materials and tie off the top of the bag. Bring them outdoors and place in your garbage container right away.

Give the entire area a good cleaning, vacuum floors, and wash any exposed bedding or clothing.

Check regularly to make sure mold has not returned to the clean-up area.

No. Don't paint or caulk over mold. The mold will grow under the paint and the paint will peel.

Mold problems in buildings are a result of water and moisture problems. Excess moisture comes from leaks or condensation. Tenants and landlords both have responsibilities for addressing water and moisture problems that can cause mold. Generally,fixing leaksis the landlord's responsibility and reducing condensation is the renter's responsibility.See our mold resources for renters and landlords.

In Washington, you can contact yourlocal county health department for more information about mold. If you live outside of Washington State, try contacting your county or state health department.

Content Source: Indoor Air Quality Program

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Mold :: Washington State Department of Health

DIY Do it Yourself

The cost of hiring a team of professional mold removal experts might weigh heavily you and you could take it upon yourself to get lessen the contamination. There are a lot of tutorials regarding how to get lessen itbut also in truth, carrying it out yourself just isnt advisable.

There are certain risks if you are come across any form of mold and cleaning it down means that you just need to get in close proximity and personal from it. In spite of tutorials and DIY sites indicating how to get reduce mold in more detail, there will almost always be aspects you could possibly not understand or prepare well.

The aspect of having the right protection from inhalation and experience of mold is essential. Our removal professionals are trained and familiar with their jobs. They be aware of dangers of exposure and the ways to lower the hazards of exposure. We have armed these with apparel and accessories that may prevent them from contracting illnesses relevant to exposure. They are also experts at preventing the spread of mold spores.

Our company is experienced at removing itthoroughly therefore we know what make use of to do so effectively. We have studied the enemy so we know what works best and the way to use it. Our experts are updated of their knowledge and skills in order that they wont make mistakes and slip ups that may cause more difficulties.

Bleach can be a well known chemical that could supposedly get eliminate it. A lot of DIY tutorials explain how to make use of it but youll find certain risks in irresponsibly using bleach on beautiful wood flooring together with other surfaces. frequent exposure to your substance may have a drying impact on skin which enable it to trigger disorders or respiratory issues. Some bleach solutions just whiten the contamination but most likely are not effective in actually killing the mold.

You can expect a recurrence if a person as thorough as our workers on the subject of remediation. We use specific biocides which are effective in killing and getting eliminate it. Most of such biocides will not be available in DIY stores given that they need to be used in combination with proper training.

The inspection process itself ought to be done by an established who is educated to spot symptoms of infestation and possible locations where itmay be lurking. Itcan thrive among your walls, your drywall and under floorboards or steps for decades without showing any outward signs and symptoms of occupation. Some inspectors must be thorough in spotting potential areas and may also employ other ways to make sure if youll find mold in secluded or hidden areas.

While DIY removal may seem an easy task to do, the potential risks may not be simple to deal with within the long run. Trust in our remediation and removal experts. We know the way to keep your self safe from fungus.

We have the methods to put an end to your mold allergy issues in addition to prevent the further deterioration within your beloved house. Imagine how disappointing it will be if your home is rotting with this report because of infestation!

We are very well-known to get thorough and professional in remediation and preventing the recurrence of mold. We are also known internet marketing affordable and fair in terms of pricing our services.

Call us as soon as is possible so we are able to help you solve your mold problem. Do not leave the health of the family to chance. Act now and get reduce what might be causing recurring allergies as well as other symptoms with your family.

You can call us for any consultation or come straight away to our office to debate your mold problems or suspicions.

Call now for immediate action and stop further damage. Trust your removal problems to us and become satisfied with out results!

Atascocita Baytown Beaumont Conroe Cypress Missouri City Pasadena Pearland Port Arthur Spring Sugar Land The Woodlands

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Heres all the zip codes we service:

Houston TX area

77002, 77003, 77004, 77005, 77006, 77007, 77008, 77009, 77010, 77011, 77012, 77013, 77014, 77016, 77017, 77018, 77019, 77020, 77021, 77022, 77023, 77025, 77026, 77027, 77028, 77030, 77031, 77033, 77034, 77035, 77036, 77038, 77040, 77041, 77042, 77043, 77045, 77046, 77047, 77048, 77050, 77051, 77053, 77054, 77056, 77057, 77058, 77059, 77061, 77062, 77063, 77064, 77065, 77066, 77067, 77068, 77069, 77070, 77071, 77072, 77073, 77074, 77075, 77076, 77077, 77078, 77079, 77080, 77081, 77082, 77084, 77085, 77086, 77087, 77088, 77090, 77091, 77092, 77093, 77094, 77095, 77096, 77098, 77099, 77201, 77336, 77339, 77345, 77357, 77365, 77373, 77375, 77377, 77379, 77386, 77388, 77407, 77429, 77433, 77447, 77449, 77478, 77484, 77489, 77493, 77504, 77506, 77587

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Best Mold Remediation Houston - Mold Inspection Houston ...

Thousands of household products paints, paint-strippers, adhesives, MDF, carpet, glues, cleaners, fuels, degreasers and more off-gas volatile organic compounds. These chemicals cause a number of health effects including eye, nose and throat irritation; headache; nausea; liver, kidney and central nervous system damage; and cancer.

According to the EPA, studies have found that VOC levels are two to five times higher indoors than outdoors. During and for several hours immediately after certain activities, such as paint-stripping, levels may be 1,000 times background outdoor levels.

There are many steps to reduce exposure. For example, replace vinyl wallcoverings with Cradle-to-Cradle-certified ones made with new polymers and water-based inks and coatings. If dry-cleaned goods have a strong chemical odor, which indicates a high concentration of the solvent PERC (perchloroethylene), do not accept them until they have been properly dried. Use non- or low-VOC paints, glues, epoxies, adhesives and building products. Even when using low-VOC products, ventilate the space with plenty of fresh air. Dispose of even small amounts you won't use right away in an environmentally responsible way.

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How to Remove Black Mold | HGTV

Mold Remediation

There are few things that homeowners and property managers fear as much as a mold outbreak. Not only does growing mold emit a disturbing odor, but it can carry big health risks as well. Under the right conditions, just a small amount of moisture can cause mold to spread quickly, soon making a home or business unsafe for occupants.

For that reason, mold removal specialists are almost always in high demand. Getting rid of mold isnt always easy and requires the use of specialized equipment and chemicals for the safety of contractors and their customers alike. Additionally, its critical that the source of the problem is located and repairs are made, so that mold wont grow again in the future.

Taking the CSLS Mold Remediation Course is the perfect way to grow your business and improve public safety at the same time. In this single-day 8-hour course, students will learn everything they need to know about mold growth assessment and removal, including:

CSLS Mold Remediation Course is designed specifically for general building contractors, plumbers, painters, drywall installers, HVAC technicians, carpet and flooring specialists, EPA-RRP certified renovators, restoration and water damage specialists and other construction professionals. It is also an ideal training option for certified home inspectors. How much could your business grow if you knew how to spot mold in a home or business and safely remove it?

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Mold Remediation - 8-Hour Training Course - Contractors State ...

Mold and mildew could be the cause of that musty smell emanating from your basement, garage or otherdampareas of your home or facility.

It consists of microorganisms that if disturbed, may disperse into the air which could affect the health and air quality for occupants.

Blackmon Mooring & BMS CAT have trained employees (not sub-contractors) who respond to your need because we understand timely response can prevent additional damage to your property. Weve developed essential and effective processes to properly remediate your home or office. For instance, containment is an extremely important initial step in the process, as it could prevent the airborne spores from spreading to other areas of your property.

Well provide you written, detailed, room-by-room scopes and an estimate that describes what will be performed in the remediation process. Our locations boastthousands of feet of warehouse space to store your valuables while your home or business is being restored. We are experts in remediation, restoration, andreconstruction, and want to be with you every step of this process so we can get you and your home or facilityback to normal.

Blackmon Mooring & BMS CAT offer trained employees, rather than subcontractors, who are experts at dealing with mold and mold-related problems in buildings of all sizes. We also understand that a timely response is of utmost importance, as well as taking extra steps to prevent the mold from returning. Following are some of the most important preventative measures that we may suggest when surveying your property:

Here at Blackmon Mooring & BMS CAT, we are experienced professionals in mold remediation, restoration, and reconstruction. We will be able to help you through every step of the process to get rid of existing mold, address the problems that are causing it and prevent it from recurring. When we conduct a preliminary survey of your residence or officebuilding, we will provide you with a written room-by-room overview and estimate detailing the optimal mold remediation process that we will use.

For more information, pleasecall us at877-730-1948877-730-1948.

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Residential Mold Removal & Remediation | Blackmon Mooring

Blueair Classic 405

Another name that can be trusted when it comes to choosing the best air purifier for removing mold and mildew is the Blueair Classic 450 air purifier. This is a mid-level air purifier that offers excellent air purification results. This is a well-designed machine properly engineered to do exactly as per the requirements of its users. ionization in this filter is excellent and effective at the same time. It eliminates pollutants efficiently provided it is used in the proper manner. it is a seamless air purifier offering excellent performance in cleaning the air in medium-sized areas. This air purifier does not make much noise even on its highest setting. it can be controlled using Blueairs very own mobile application called Blueair Friend. The purifier also offers Wi-Fi connectivity making it very easy for the users to use it in the most convenient manner.

Austin Air HealthMate

Austin Air HealthMate is the leader in home air purification offering superior quality air purification. The air purifiers available from Austin are great at outperforming their competitors in the market. therefore, it would not be a wrong choice to go for Austin Air HealthMate. This air purifier has been engineered to great perfection and can be used in a very simple manner. the purifier makes use of medium particulate filter, pre-filter, zeolite filter, medical grade HEPA filter and carbon filter for ensuring maximum air filtration.

Conclusion

It is always very essential to make use of high quality air purifiers for removing mold and mildew. Air purifiers specifically engineered to work 24/7 are the best air purifiers for this purpose. Read more atblackmoldremovalguide.com

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Black Mold Removal Guide - Best Air Purifier for Mold and Mildew

We are here to help you with all your project needs. Urso Remodeling, Inc. has been serving Maryland since 1971. Our focus is to provide superior customer service and high-quality craftsmanship to all our clients. We want you as our customer for life! It is a simple philosophy that has made us very popular with all our clients. We have maintained that small-company feel and strong customer service that is missing from most companies today. Almost all our work is aquired by referrals from previous customers. That tells you a lot about a company. Also, all projects come with a five-year workmanship labor warranty and a manufacturer's warranty, where applicable, to give you real peace of mind. Give us a try. You'll be very satisfied, and possibly become our customer for life! We always offer free estimates, and we give discounts to our seniors, military, fire and law enforcement personnel and return loyalty customers. Our services offered include the following:* Additions and Sunrooms* Fire, Water, and Storm Damage Repairs* Basement Finishing* Porch and Deck Roofs* Garage and Sheds* Wood and Composite Decks* Screen Rooms* Kitchen and Bathroom Renovations* Concrete Sidewalks* Interior Doors and Lock Sets* Bi-Fold and Sliding Doors* Custom Closets* Built-In Cabinets and Shelves* Ceramic Tile Walls and Flooring* Laminate Wood Flooring* Vinyl Floor Tile* Interior and Exterior Painting* Roof Repairs* Shingle and Flat Roof Replacement* Roof Shingle Mold and Stain Removal* Steps and Driveways* Vinyl Replacement Windows and Patio Doors* Wood and Metal Entry Doors* Vinyl Siding* Aluminum Wood Coverage* Vinyl Soffit Overhangs* Seamless Aluminum Gutters and Much MoreWe do kitchens, bathrooms, finished basements, windows, doors, drywall additions, painting, tiling, flooring, carpeting, roofing, concrete work, siding, gutters, power washing, solar electric panels, and more!Visit our website for current promotions. Please contact us today.

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Mold Remediation Companies - Thumbtack - Consider it done

If mold removal were as simple as Kung Fu fighting, then there's no doubt about it, you would have it nailed. But, unfortunately, cost is a large factor when considering mold remediation and the size of your bill often depends on the extent of the infestation.

The good news is that if the area is small, then you can typically treat it for a small investment in some solid cleaning supplies, like a scrub brush, store-bought mold killer and rubber gloves.

However, for large areas, you may be calling in a the bug guys. The remediation cost will be larger, but it's worth it to ensure further damage is not done to your home. Mold remediation specialist will inspect ductwork, attic spaces, walls and even crawlspaces. The cost can average anywhere from $500 to $6,000 and is hard to identify until the entire scope of the infestation is considered.

A great thing to consider when purchasing the insurance that comes along with buying a home is some type of protection from mold. Discuss your options with an agent. That way, if a problem should arise within your home, then your insurance will help to at least partially offset the cost of mold removal.

Excerpt from:
Mold Remediation and Removal Costs | HGTV

Introduction

Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing as the public becomes aware that exposure to mold can cause a variety of health effects and symptoms, including allergic reactions. This document presents guidelines for the remediation/cleanup of mold and moisture problems in schools and commercial buildings; these guidelines include measures designed to protect the health of building occupants and remediators. It has been designed primarily for:

It should serve as a reference for potential mold and moisture remediators. Using this document, individuals with little or no experience with mold remediation should be able to make a reasonable judgment as to whether the situation can be handled in-house. It will help those in charge of maintenance to evaluate an in-house remediation plan or a remediation plan submitted by an outside contractor1. Contractors and other professionals who respond to mold and moisture situations in commercial buildings and schools may also want to refer to these guidelines.

Molds can be found almost anywhere; they can grow on virtually any organic substance, as long as moisture and oxygen are present. There are molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet, foods, and insulation. When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth will often occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or unaddressed. It is impossible to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the indoor environment. However, mold growth can be controlled indoors by controlling moisture indoors.

Photo 2: Extensive mold contamination of ceiling and walls.

Molds reproduce by making spores that usually cannot be seen without magnification. Mold spores waft through the indoor and outdoor air continually. When mold spores land on a damp spot indoors, they may begin growing and digesting whatever they are growing on in order to survive. Molds gradually destroy the things they grow on.

Many types of molds exist. All molds have the potential to cause health effects. Molds can produce allergens that can trigger allergic reactions or even asthma attacks in people allergic to mold. Others are known to produce potent toxins and/or irritants. Potential health concerns are an important reason to prevent mold growth and to remediate/clean up any existing indoor mold growth.

Since mold requires water to grow, it is important to prevent moisture problems in buildings. Moisture problems can have many causes, including uncontrolled humidity. Some moisture problems in buildings have been linked to changes in building construction practices during the 1970s, 80s and 90s. Some of these changes have resulted in buildings that are tightly sealed, but may lack adequate ventilation, potentially leading to moisture buildup. Building materials, such as drywall, may not allow moisture to escape easily. Moisture problems may include:

Moisture problems in portable classrooms and other temporary structures have frequently been associated with mold problems. For more information see IAQ Design Tools for Schools - Portable Classrooms.

When mold growth occurs in buildings, adverse health problems may be reported by some building occupants, particularly those with allergies or respiratory problems. Remediators should avoid exposing themselves and others to mold-laden dusts as they conduct their cleanup activities. Caution should be used to prevent mold and mold spores from being dispersed throughout the air where they can be inhaled by building occupants.

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Footnotes:

1: If you choose to use outside contractors or professionals, make sure they have experience cleaning up mold, check their references and have them follow the recommendations presented in this document, the guidelines of the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and/or guidelines from other professional organizations. See

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The key to mold control is moisture control. Solve moisture problems before they become mold problems!

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Photo 3A: Mold growing in closet as a result of condensation from room air.

Photo 3B: Front side of wall-board looks fine, but the back side is covered with mold.

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Assess the size of the mold and/or moisture problem and the type of damaged materials before planning the remediation work. Select a remediation manager for medium or large jobs (or small jobs requiring more than one person). The remediation plan should include steps to fix the water or moisture problem, or the problem may reoccur. The plan should cover the use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and include steps to carefully contain and remove moldy building materials to avoid spreading the mold.(2) A remediation plan may vary greatly depending on the size and complexity of the job, and may require revision if circumstances change or new facts are discovered.

The remediation manager's highest priority must be to protect the health and safety of the building occupants and remediators. It is also important to communicate with building occupants when mold problems are identified.(3) In some cases, especially those involving large areas of contamination, the remediation plan may include temporary relocation of some or all of the building occupants.

The decision to relocate occupants should consider:

If possible, remediation activities should be scheduled during off-hours when building occupants are less likely to be affected.

Remediators, particularly those with health-related concerns, may wish to check with their doctors or health care professionals before working on mold remediation or investigating potentially moldy areas. If you have any doubts or questions, you should consult a health professional before beginning a remediation project.

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Do not run the HVAC system if you know or suspect that it is contaminated with mold. If you suspect that it may be contaminated (it is part of an identified moisture problem, for instance, or there is mold growth near the intake to the system), consult,

Photo 4A: Contaminated fibrous insulation inside air handler cover.

Photo 4B: Mold growth on air diffuser in ceiling.

Photo 4C: Moldy air duct.

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Photo 5: Mold growth behind wallpaper.

In some cases, indoor mold growth may not be obvious. It is possible that mold may be growing on hidden surfaces, such as:

Possible locations of hidden mold can include:

Some building materials, such as dry wall with vinyl wallpaper over it or wood paneling, may act as vapor barriers, (5) trapping moisture underneath their surfaces and thereby providing a moist environment where mold can grow. You may suspect hidden mold if a building smells moldy, but you cannot see the source, or if you know there has been water damage and building occupants are reporting health problems. Investigating hidden mold problems may be difficult and will require caution when the investigation involves disturbing potential sites of mold growthmake sure to use personal protective equipment (PPE). For example, removal of wallpaper can lead to a massive release of spores from mold growing on the underside of the paper. If you believe that you may have a hidden mold problem, you may want to consider hiring an experienced professional. If you discover hidden mold, you should revise your remediation plan to account for the total area affected by mold growth.

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Table 1 presents strategies to respond to water damage within 24-48 hours. These guidelines are designed to help avoid the need for remediation of mold growth by taking quick action before growth starts. If mold growth is found on the materials listed in Table 1, refer to Table 2 for guidance on remediation. Depending on the size of the area involved and resources available, professional assistance may be needed to dry an area quickly and thoroughly. See:

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Table 2 presents remediation guidelines for building materials that have or are likely to have mold growth. The guidelines in Table 2 are designed to protect the health of occupants and cleanup personnel during remediation. These guidelines are based on the area and type of material affected by water damage and/or mold growth. Please note that these are guidelines; some professionals may prefer other cleaning methods. See

If you are considering cleaning your ducts as part of your remediation plan, you should consult EPA's publication entitled, "Should You Have the Air Ducts In Your Home Cleaned?" (8). If possible, remediation activities should be scheduled during off-hours when building occupants are less likely to be affected. See:

Although the level of personal protection suggested in these guidelines is based on the total surface area contaminated and the potential for remediator and/or occupant exposure, professional judgment should always play a part in remediation decisions. These remediation guidelines are based on the size of the affected area to make it easier for remediators to select appropriate techniques, not on the basis of health effects or research showing there is a specific method appropriate at a certain number of square feet. The guidelines have been designed to help construct a remediation plan. The remediation manager will then use professional judgment and experience to adapt the guidelines to particular situations. When in doubt, caution is advised. Consult an experienced mold remediator for more information.

A more cautious or conservative approach to remediation is indicated in cases in which:

Always make sure to protect remediators and building occupants from exposure to mold.

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Photo 6: Heavy mold growth on underside of spruce floorboards.

Mold can eventually cause structural damage to a school or large building, if a mold/moisture problem remains unaddressed for a long time. In the case of a long-term roof leak, for example, molds can weaken floors and walls as the molds feed on wet wood. If you suspect that mold has damaged building integrity, you should consult a structural engineer or other professional with expertise in this area.

A variety of mold cleanup methods are available for remediating damage to building materials and furnishings caused by moisture control problems and mold growth. The specific method or group of methods used will depend on the type of material affected, as presented in Table 2. Please note that professional remediators may use some methods not covered in these guidelines; absence of a method in the guidelines does not necessarily mean that it is not useful. (9). See

Wet vacuums are vacuum cleaners designed to collect water. They can be used to remove water from floors, carpets and hard surfaces where water has accumulated. They should not be used to vacuum porous materials, such as gypsum board. They should be used only when materials are still wet wet vacuums may spread spores if sufficient liquid is not present. The tanks, hoses and attachments of these vacuums should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use since mold and mold spores may stick to the surfaces.

Whether dead or alive, mold is allergenic, and some molds may be toxic. Mold can generally be removed from nonporous (hard) surfaces by wiping or scrubbing with water, or water and detergent. It is important to dry these surfaces quickly and thoroughly to discourage further mold growth. Instructions for cleaning surfaces, as listed on product labels, should always be read and followed. Porous materials that are wet and have mold growing on them may have to be discarded. Since molds will infiltrate porous substances and grow on or fill in empty spaces or crevices, the mold can be difficult or impossible to remove completely.

HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) vacuums are recommended for final cleanup of remediation areas after materials have been thoroughly dried and contaminated materials removed. HEPA vacuums are also recommended for cleanup of dust that may have settled on surfaces outside the remediation area. Care must be taken to assure that the filter is properly seated in the vacuum so that all the air must pass through the filter. When changing the vacuum filter, remediators should wear PPE to prevent exposure to the mold that has been captured. The filter and contents of the HEPA vacuum must be disposed of in well-sealed plastic bags.

Building materials and furnishings that are contaminated with mold growth and are not salvageable should be double-bagged using 6-mil polyethylene sheeting. These materials can then usually be discarded as ordinary construction waste. It is important to package mold-contaminated materials in sealed bags before removal from the containment area to minimize the dispersion of mold spores throughout the building. Large items that have heavy mold growth should be covered with polyethylene sheeting and sealed with duct tape before they are removed from the containment area.

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If the remediation job disturbs mold and mold spores become airborne, then the risk of respiratory exposure goes up. Actions that are likely to stir up mold include:

The primary function of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is to avoid inhaling mold and mold spores and to avoid mold contact with the skin or eyes. The following sections discuss the different types of PPE that can be used during remediation activities. Please note that all individuals using certain PPE equipment, such as half-face or full-face respirators, must be trained, must have medical clearance and must be fit-tested by a trained professional. In addition, the use of respirators must follow a complete respiratory protection program as specified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. For more information see .

Photo 7: Remediation worker with limited PPE.

Gloves are required to protect the skin from contact with mold allergens (and in some cases mold toxins) and from potentially irritating cleaning solutions. Long gloves that extend to the middle of the forearm are recommended. The glove material should be selected based on the type of materials being handled. If you are using a biocide (such as chlorine bleach) or a strong cleaning solution, you should select gloves made from:

If you are using a mild detergent or plain water, ordinary household rubber gloves may be used. To protect your eyes, use properly fitted goggles or a full-face respirator with HEPA filter. Goggles must be designed to prevent the entry of dust and small particles. Safety glasses or goggles with open vent holes are not acceptable.

Respirators protect cleanup workers from inhaling airborne mold, mold spores and dust.

Disposable clothing is recommended during a medium or large remediation project to prevent the transfer and spread of mold to clothing and to eliminate skin contact with mold.

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The purpose of containment during remediation activities is to limit release of mold into the air and surroundings, in order to minimize the exposure of remediators and building occupants to mold. Mold and moldy debris should not be allowed to spread to areas in the building beyond the contaminated site.

The two types of containment recommended in Table 2 are limited and full. The larger the area of moldy material, the greater the possibility of human exposure and the greater the need for containment. In general, the size of the area helps determine the level of containment. However, a heavy growth of mold in a relatively small area could release more spores than a lighter growth of mold in a relatively large area. Choice of containment should be based on professional judgment.(10) The primary object of containment should be to prevent occupant and remediator exposure to mold. See

Limited containment is generally recommended for areas involving between 10 and 100 square feet (ft2) of mold contamination. The enclosure around the moldy area should consist of a single layer of 6-mil, fire-retardant polyethylene sheeting. The containment should have a slit entry and covering flap on the outside of the containment area. For small areas, the polyethylene sheeting can be affixed to floors and ceilings with duct tape. For larger areas, a steel or wooden stud frame can be erected and polyethylene sheeting attached to it. To minimize the migration of contaminants to other parts of the building, certain places within the containment area must be sealed with polyethylene sheeting, including:

Heavy mold growth on ceiling tiles may impact HVAC systems if the space above the ceiling is used as a return air plenum. In this case, containment should be installed from the floor to the ceiling deck, and the filters in the air handling units serving the affected area may have to be replaced once remediation is finished.

The containment area must be maintained under negative pressure relative to surrounding areas. This will ensure that contaminated air does not flow into adjacent areas. This can be done with a HEPA-filtered fan unit exhausted outside of the building. For small, easily contained areas, an exhaust fan ducted to the outdoors can also be used. The surfaces of all objects removed from the containment area should be remediated/cleaned prior to removal. The remediation guidelines outlined in Table 2 can be implemented when the containment is completely sealed and is under negative pressure relative to the surrounding area. See

Photo 8: Full containment on large job

Full containment is recommended for the cleanup of mold-contaminated surface areas greater than 100 ft2 or in any situation in which it appears likely that the occupant space would be further contaminated without full containment. Double layers of polyethylene should be used to create a barrier between the moldy area and other parts of the building. A decontamination chamber or airlock should be constructed for entry into and exit from the remediation area. The entryways to the airlock from the outside and from the airlock to the main containment area should consist of a slit entry with covering flaps on the outside surface of each slit entry. The chamber should be large enough to hold a waste container and allow a person to put on and remove PPE. All contaminated PPE, except respirators, should be placed in a sealed bag while in this chamber. Respirators should be worn until remediators are outside the decontamination chamber. PPE must be worn throughout the final stages of HEPA vacuuming and damp-wiping of the contained area. PPE must also be worn during HEPA vacuum filter changes or cleanup of the HEPA vacuum.

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Photo 9: Moisture meter measuring moisture content of plywood subfloor

Moisture meters may be helpful for measuring the moisture content in a variety of building materials following water damage. They can also be used to monitor the process of drying damaged materials. These direct reading devices have a thin probe which can be inserted into the material to be tested or can be pressed directly against the surface of the material. Moisture meters can be used on materials such as carpet, wallboard, wood, brick and concrete.

Humidity meters can be used to monitor humidity indoors. Inexpensive ($50) models are available that monitor both temperature and humidity.

A humidistat is a control device that can be connected to the HVAC system and adjusted so that, if the humidity level rises above a set point, the HVAC system will automatically come on.

Use high-quality filters in your HVAC system during remediation. Consult an engineer for the appropriate efficiency for your specific HVAC system and consider upgrading your filters if appropriate. Conventional HVAC filters are typically not effective in filtering particles the size of mold spores. Consider upgrading to a filter with a minimum efficiency of 50 to 60% or a rating of MERV 8, as determined by Test Standard 52.2 of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. Remember to change filters regularly and change them following any remediation activities.

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Is sampling for mold needed? In most cases, if visible mold growth is present, sampling is unnecessary. You may consider sampling as part of your site evaluation in specific instances, such as:

Surface sampling may also be useful in order to determine if an area has been adequately cleaned or remediated. Sampling should be done only after developing a sampling plan that includes a confirmable theory regarding suspected mold sources and routes of exposure. Figure out what you think is happening and how to prove or disprove it before you sample.

If you do not have extensive experience and/or are in doubt about sampling, consult an experienced professional. This individual can help you decide if sampling for mold is useful and/or needed, and will be able to carry out any necessary sampling. It is important to remember that the results of sampling may have limited use or application. Sampling may help locate the source of mold contamination, identify some of the mold species present and differentiate between mold and soot or dirt. Pre- and post-remediation sampling may also be useful in determining whether remediation efforts have been effective. After remediation, the types and concentrations of mold in indoor air samples should be similar to what is found in the local outdoor air. Since no EPA or other Federal threshold limits have been set for mold or mold spores, sampling cannot be used to check a building's compliance with Federal mold standards.

Sampling for mold should be conducted by professionals with specific experience in designing mold sampling protocols, sampling methods and interpretation of results. Sample analysis should follow analytical methods recommended by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), or other professional guidelines (see Resources List). Types of samples include:

A number of pitfalls may be encountered when inexperienced personnel conduct sampling:

Budget constraints will often be a consideration when sampling; professional advice may be necessary to determine if it is possible to take sufficient samples to characterize a problem on a given budget. If it is not possible to sample properly, with a sufficient number of samples to answer the question(s) posed, it would be preferable not to sample. Inadequate sample plans may generate misleading, confusing and useless results.

Keep in mind that air sampling for mold provides information only for the moment in time in which the sampling occurred, much like a snapshot. Air sampling will reveal, when properly done, what was in the air at the moment when the sample was taken. For someone without experience, sampling results will be difficult to interpret. Experience in interpretation of results is essential.

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2. Molds are known allergens and may be toxic. You may wish to use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while investigating a mold problem, as well as during remediation/clean-up situations. The minimum PPE includes an N-95 respirator, gloves, and eye protection.

3.

4. Although this document has a residential focus, it is applicable to other building types.

5. Resources List has more information on vapor barriers and building construction. It is important that building materials be able to dry; moisture should not be trapped between two vapor barriers or mold may result. See

6. Please note that Table 1 and Table 2 contain general guidelines. Their purpose is to provide basic information for remediation managers to first assess the extent of the damage and then to determine whether the remediation should be managed by in-house personnel or outside professionals. The remediation manager can then use the guidelines to help design a remediation plan or to assess a plan submitted by outside professionals. See:

7. Please note that Table 1 and Table 2 contain general guidelines. Their purpose is to provide basic information for remediation managers to first assess the extent of the damage and then to determine whether the remediation should be managed by in-house personnel or outside professionals. The remediation manager can then use the guidelines to help design a remediation plan or to assess a plan submitted by outside professionals. See:

8. Although this document has a residential focus, it is applicable to other building types.

9. If you are unsure what to do, or if the item is expensive or of sentimental value, you may wish to consult a specialist. Specialists commonly listed in phone books include:

Be sure to ask for and check references; look for affiliation with professional organizations.

10. For example, a remediator may decide that a small area that is extensively contaminated and has the potential to distribute mold to occupied areas during cleanup should have full containment, whereas a large wall surface that is lightly contaminated and easily cleaned would require only limited containment.

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Table 1 presents strategies to respond to water damage within 24-48 hours. These guidelines are designed to help avoid the need for remediation of mold growth by taking quick action before growth starts. If mold growth is found on the materials listed in Table 1, refer to for guidance on remediation. Depending on the size of the area involved and resources available, professional assistance may be needed to dry an area quickly and thoroughly.

PDF Version of this Table

* If mold growth has occurred or materials have been wet for more than 48 hours, consult Table 2 guidelines. Even if materials are dried within 48 hours, mold growth may have occurred. Items may be tested by professionals if there is doubt. Note that mold growth will not always occur after 48 hours; this is only a guideline.

These guidelines are for damage caused by clean water. If you know or suspect that the water source is contaminated with sewage, or chemical or biological pollutants, then Personal Protective Equipment and containment are required by OSHA. An experienced professional should be consulted if you and/or your remediators do not have expertise remediating in contaminated water situations. Do not use fans before determining that the water is clean or sanitary.

If a particular item(s) has high monetary or sentimental value, you may wish to consult a restoration/water damage specialist.

The subfloor under the carpet or other flooring material must also be cleaned and dried. See the appropriate section of this table for recommended actions depending on the composition of the subfloor.

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Follow this link:
Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings Guide

IS MOLD AN ISSUE IN YOUR HOME OR BUSINESS?

Water can get into your Nebraska house in many ways: flooding, leaky roofs, basement walls, plumbing leaks, burst pipes, even rain or sprinkler water against the house. Sometimes, you can see discoloration on the walls or ceiling, or you see your floors have warped. Maybe, there is a musty odor in certain rooms of the house or perhaps condensation on the walls.

Unwanted water intrusions can lead to mold growth and if the growth is extensive, some people may become sensitized to high spore levels and develop allergies or other health problems. Gone unchecked, mold growth can damage furnishings, clothes and shoes, as well as the structural elements in your house.

It is generally recognized that exposure to indoor mold is not healthy for anyone. A1 Mold Testing and Remediation Services, Inc. can help locate the source of the water intrusion, the mold growth that has resulted from it, as well as safely and efficiently remove the mold from the personal items and structural elements.Use the websites listed on the "links" page of our website to learn what mold is, how mold grows and what it grows on.

Learn about "Black Mold" and "Toxic Mold", as well as the health effects from mold exposure. You will find out why some molds are more hazardous than others, what some of the symptoms are and who is at greatest risk.

In Lincoln, NE - call (402) 474-MOLD (6653)In Omaha, NE - call (402) 964-2080All other areas - call (866) 875-MOLD (6653)

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