Main Sewer Line Clog Costs

Cleaning a sewer line costs an average of $297 with a typical range between $173 and $456.

Broken and deteriorated lines often require replacement, which averages $2,500. Trenchless pipe repair costs an average of $160 per foot and involves the use of epoxy resin over trench digging. Visual inspection by a licensed plumber is the only way to be sure.

In many homes, the main sewer line can become clogged over time. This clog can be due to normal blockages from grease and household items or outside problems like encroaching root systems. Whatever the reason, a blocked sewer line is going to cause problems. Resolving the problem should be done as quickly as possible to avoid backups and further cleanup and repair costs.

While there are a variety of products on the market designed to help homeowners tackle simple drain clogs on their own, seek out a professional plumber or a commercial sewage company for main lines and outdoor issues.

Most homeowners pay anywhere from $100 to $900 to clean a sewer line. Extreme cases that require a dig and replace run upwards of $4,000 or more.

To remove a clog from a sewer line, professionals may rely on several different tools and appliances. Here are two commonly used methods:

Cleaning your main lines with a hydro jet typically runs $350 to $600. Heavier jobs, like light commercial lines, require larger machines with prices reaching $3,000 or more.

The most effective option for sewer lines is a high-pressure hose with special tips. This can remove the clog as well as any residue that has built up in the pipes.

Hydro jets use a combination of extremely high-pressure water and specialized heads to penetrate and remove clogs. The nozzles come in three main varieties: penetrators, spinning rotary and chain flail. However, because of the extremely high pressure, older pipes are susceptible to damage and should receive a video inspection first.

Snaking a main line costs anywhere from $100 to $250 though complex and difficult clogs may cost up to twice as much. The most basic and common approach is to rely on a drain auger, also called a drain snake. This is a long piece of flexible metal made to go down the drain and around any bends in the plumbing.

Most professional plumbers have snakes that are 50 feet or longer to reach most clogs easily. If the clog is minor, it can be broken up using an auger in a matter of minutes. While it can get the drain flowing again, it is not actually cleaning the entire pipe. The heads are usually smaller than the pipe its running through, so it only punches a hole through most clogs.

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Sewer main repairs cost $1,000 to $4,000 with favorable conditions and easy access. Digging under slabs or in crawl spaces increases the price. Rates will vary considerably depending on the length of the pipe, the complexity of the job, ease of access and your location. Plus, youll need to take into consideration cleanup and repair work to your yard and foundation.

Secondary costs include:

Chemical drain cleaners cost anywhere from $5 to $300. In most cases, youll need a plumber to remove tough clogs and clean out a main pipe. However, chemical cleaners are great annual or bi-annual DIY maintenance tool to avoid repeat plumber visits.

Drain fluids can work on slow moving pipes without the need for a plumber. They are particularly effective after rodding, since snakes dont always remove the entire clog.

Some chemicals, like copper sulfate, should be used sparingly as they can cause significant damage to the environment.

*This is a chemical available in a wide variety of name brand root killers.

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Cleaning a sewer line includes a variety of services to identify the location and type of clog and then remove it. Whatever the steps required to diagnose and repair the problem, plumbers charge $45 to $150 per hour with most also requiring a minimum for the service call. A service call will typical involve:

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Having sewage or waste coming back out of the drains is the most obvious sign that there is a clog in the main sewer line. This is usually an unpleasant and messy experience that creates horrible smells and health hazards. It may even do damage to the home if it isnt taken care of immediately.

Warning signs tend to appear before backups. Dont ignore these key signs:

Sewage backups cost an average of $7 per square foot. Sewage is considered a black water contamination with serious health hazards. Small backups can be cleaned up yourself with the proper safety equipment, but larger spills should be addressed by a professional.

Removing tree roots from a line typically runs $100 to $600 or more for larger issues. Severely damaged lines require replacement for an additional $2,500 on average. Once removed, you should do annual or biannual chemical treatments.

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Roto-Rooter requires an on-site inspection before quoting you a price, though reports have their base price at $350 for simple clogs. They also charge $250 for a video line inspection.

Roto Rooter differs from most other plumbers by giving a flat rate, regardless of the amount of time the job takes. They do offer a guarantee of their products with a mail in refund request form and limit it to one per household.

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The costs laid out in this guide focus on main line clogs.

Clogged drains cost about $200 to have professionally fixed. Clogged drains in your home are often DIY jobs with a little chemical help or a cheap hardware store snake you can pick up for $10 to $30. Even electric handheld models are only $75 to $200 less than a service call.

Most of these indoor clogs are only a few feet down the drain, typically while the pipe is still only 2 to 3 inches in diameter. These cheaper snakes are 5 to 15 feet in length and large enough for the smaller indoor pipes. Often, chemical cleaners are all you need to get the water draining again.

Outdoor line diameter can exceed 4 inches, requiring larger, more expensive equipment. Plus, blockages can be anywhere from 10 to 100 feet away. Professionals use snakes and hydro jets that cost anywhere from $500 to $15,000 or more.

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Prevent sewer line clogs there by:

Sewer scope inspection costs average $250 to $500 though can fall outside that range depending on where you live and the professional you use. If blockages are frequent, it may be worth having a video inspection of the sewer lines.

This works by placing a small camera on the end of the auger and running it through the pipe. This gives professionals and homeowners a clear view of what is causing blockages.

In almost every case, the city or municipality is responsible for cleaning the storm drains as these are public use and usually not located on private property. However, any drainage pipe connecting to the storm drain is the responsibility of the property owner. Examples include catch basins, sump pumps, or underground tile drainage systems.

The costs for this type of cleaning vary wildly based on the type of system you have for drainage, your location and city ordinances governing them. Contact your local plumber or landscaping professional for specific pricing.

Installing a cleanout will run an average of $2,000. The pipe and materials cost between $70 to $150 with tools and equipment running another $300 to $500. Excavation equipment and multiple laborers are usually involved though small or inaccessible jobs only require a shovel.

Cleanouts are an opening for access to the main sewer line for snakes and hydro jets for clearing clogs. Its been part of building code in the United States for decades. Unless you have an extremely old home, chances are good you already have one installed.

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For main lines, always hire a professional plumber. Attempting to clean a line without the proper equipment or training can result in a broken sewer drain and extensive repairs and cleanup. Clearing out a kitchen sink drain might be an easy DIY project but dealing with a main sewer line is best left to the professionals.

You can get a cheap sewer cleaning, but you often get what you pay for. A clog itself isnt a big deal, but it can quickly lead to larger problems. Make sure to ask your plumber these questions to get the right help.

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2018 Sewer Line Cleaning Costs: Hydrojet or Snake Main ...

The average national cost of septic tank pumping and cleaning is $379, with most homeowners spending between $284 and $505. This data is based on actual project costs as reported by HomeAdvisor members.

If your tank hasn't been pumped in the last 5 years, you are seeing wet areas or standing water above your drainfield, your toilets are running slowly, or there are odors in your home, you may need to have your septic system cleaned. Below are some things to think about that will influence the cost of your septic system cleaning.

Unlike a municipal sewer system, where waste runs into a central drainage system maintained by the municipality, your septic tank is individual to your property. Wastewater from your home that comes from your showers, toilets, sink drains, and washing machines flows to your septic tank, which is usually buried somewhere on your property.

When wastewater enters your septic tank, it is naturally divided into three parts. Solid waste sinks to the bottom of the tank, where bacteria in the tank breaks down the solid matter, turning it into sludge. The middle layer of waste is mostly water, while fats and oils float to the top of the tank, forming scum. Once solid waste is broken down into sludge, gravity moves the water through sloped pipes down into the drainfield, where it is distributed into the soil.

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In normal conditions, yourseptic tank should be pumped every one to three years, depending on the size of the tank and the number of people in your home. If pumping is done in a timely manner, it is likely that you will save yourself the cost of repairing or septic tank over time. While it is possible for a homeowner to pump his or her own septic tank, it may not be the best option. Sludge pumped out of the tank must be stored for transport in appropriate containers and disposed of following important safety procedures.

In most cases, homeowners find it easier and more cost-effective to have septic tank pumping done by a professional who has the right tools and storage equipment to handle sludge and scum safely for disposal.

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Generally speaking, the most common part of a septic tank that may need repair or replacement is the filter. Installing a high quality filter for your tank will cost around $200 to $300 on average.

Other parts used in repair work to your septic system are PVC pipes and fittings, submersible pumps, and concrete or plastic risers and lids. The cost of these parts ranges from $50 to $500, with replacing pipes on the low end of the scale and replacing pumps on the high end.

If the tank itself needs to be replaced, expect to pay $1,200 to $3,000, with an additional $500 to $1,000 for gravel, stone, fill dirt and topsoil to set the new tank properly.

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If your professional notices that your tank is failing, it can sometimes be resurrected by properly pumping the tank, cleaning the drain field lines, installing filters and fracturing the soil, a process which involves inserting a hollow tube into the ground and injecting a 300-pound blast of air. While this procedure could cost on average $1,000 to $2,000, it is much less expensive and much less of a hassle than installing a new system.

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There are a number of things you can do to avoid potentially expensive septic tank maintenance. A healthy septic tank has bacteria that busily work to break down solid matter constantly. Tips to follow so you can keep your septic tank in optimal condition include:

Additionally, you can save considerable time and expense by having a clear diagram of where your septic tank is. If a contractor does not have to spend time locating your septic tank, labor costs will be significantly lower when it is time to pump and clean your tank.

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Some materials that could upset the balance of healthy bacteria in your tank are:

It is important to note that while biological additives are unlikely to be harmful, many chemical additives advertised to help you avoid having to pump your septic tank may actually cause damage to your septic system.

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Performing regularseptic tank maintenance will help prevent the significant cost and time required to replace your septic system. Hiring a professional to pump your septic tank every one to three years is recommended to keep your septic system healthy and operating at peak efficiency.

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Cleanout Locations and Spacing1. Install a clean-out in every horizontal drain pipe so that the distance between clean-outs is not more than () 100 feet, measured along the length of the pipe. Install at least () one clean-out for every horizontal drain pipe regardless of length of the drain pipe. This provision applies to the building drain, building sewer, and horizontal branch drains.2. Install a clean-out near the junction of the building drain and the building sewer. You may install this clean-out inside or outside the building. Make this clean out accessible at the lowest floor level inside or at grade level outside. You may install this clean-out in at least () a 3 inch diameter soil stack if the clean-out fitting is not more than () 10 feet from the building drain connection to the building sewer. Measure the 10 feet along the developed length of the pipe from the clean-outfitting to the building drain and sewer junction.3. Install a clean-out near the base of every vertical waste or soil stack. You may install this clean-out in the vertical stack or in the horizontal drain pipe.4. Install a clean-out at every change of pipe direction of more than (>) 45 degrees when the direction change uses one fitting. You do not need to install a clean-out if the change in pipe direction uses two or more fittings. When multiple direction changes occur in one pipe run, only one clean-out is required spaced not more than () 40 feet apart. This provision applies to the building drain, building sewer, and horizontal branch drains. Example: A direction change using one 1/4 bend fitting requires a clean-out, but a change in direction using two 1/8 bend fittings does not require a clean-out.

Cleanout Substitutes1. You may use a fixture trap (such as a sink) or a fixture with an integral trap (such as a toilet) as a clean-out if the:(a) trap or fixture is readily removable without disturbing concealed piping; and(b) clean-out is accessible; and(c) fixture trap or fixture provides the required clean-out size for all pipes that will be cleaned from the clean-out substitute.2. Note that drain pipes 3 inches and larger require a clean-out size that is larger than most fixture drains. You cannot use a 1 or 2 inches fixture drain as a clean-out for pipes 3 inches and larger.

Cleanout Size1. Install a clean-out that is the same size as the pipe served by the clean-out.2. You may use a 1 inch P trap with slip joints as the clean-out for pipes up to 2 inches and you may use a 2 inch P trap with slip joints as the clean-out for pipes up to 2 inches.3. You may use a 2 inch stack clean-out to serve a pipe up to 2 inches and you may use a 2 inch stack clean-out to serve a pipe up to 3 inches.4 You may install different size clean-outs in cast-iron drainage pipes because these pipes have different cap sizes.

Cleanout Accessibility1. Provide at least () 18 inches in front of clean-outs () 3 inches and larger and at least () 12 inches in front of clean-outs smaller than (<) 3 inches.2. Provide enough access around concealed clean-outs to remove the clean-out plug and use the drain cleaning appliances.3. Do not conceal clean-outs with permanent finishing materials.4. Extend underground clean-outs to or above finished grade. Do not extend clean-outs above surfaces where they may become trip hazards or where they may be damaged by traffic.

Cleanout Plugs1. Install brass or plastic plugs in clean-out fittings.2. Make clean-outs gas and liquid tight.

Cleanout Direction1. Install clean-outs so that they open toward the direction of the drainage fl ow.

Cleanout Fixture Connections1. Do not connect other pipes or fixtures to an existing clean-out unless the connection is approved by the local building official and you install an alternate clean-out. Example: do not remove a clean-out plug and use the clean-out opening as the drain for a laundry sink.

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For Immediate Assistance, Call 970-242-6863How Much Is Your Peace Of Mind Worth?

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Our trained and experienced personnel can handle everything from the most basic repairs and inspections to the most complex and unique problems often associated with older structures.

When you choose Bestway Services, you can have peace of mind knowing the job will get finished correctly and completely.

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If you need portables for your next event, give us a call. Our fair prices, great service, and above all, clean toilets will help make it a success.

Our experience in the septic & sewer systems industry spans decades. If it has ever been put through a pipe or buried in the ground, weve likely located, inspected, repaired, or replaced it.

We specialize in all aspects of servicing septic tanks and systems, line locating, repair and replacement, and more. We also clear, repair, and replace all kinds of sewer drain systems in homes and commercial buildings of all types and ages.

Let Bestway Services help you keep your system in top shape so you can enjoy life without the worry. After all, a flush truly does beat a full house!

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Bestway Services Sewer & Septic Experts Grand Junction

By Julie Russo

If you are in the market for a new home, you may have noticed that some neighborhoods are on public utility sewer systems and some neighborhoods use septic systems. Generally speaking, cities and towns, and their immediate surrounding areas, will be on sewer systems that are maintained by the local public works department. If a neighborhood is outside the area serviced by the local sewer system, the homes will generally use a septic system to handle waste water.

Large public sewer systems charge a monthly fee for their use, but offer the convenience to the homeowner of not having to maintain anything related to waste water outside of their home. Septic systems are the responsibility of the homeowner to maintain, but have no monthly fee, so are usually less expensive in the long run. However, some septic systems can be more expensive to maintain such as Low-Pressure Dose Systems that uses a pump to move effluent to a drain field or conventional systems that dont percolate well and have to be pumped frequently.

If you are looking at homes in multiple neighborhoods, you will need to make quite a few decisions and choices in order to make the best decision of where to buy. Having some basic knowledge of the pros and cons of each type of waste water system will help in choosing between neighborhoods that are on public utility sewer systems compared to those on septic systems.

Where does the waste go?Septic System: The waste goes into a holding tank.Sewer System: Sewers lines carry waste to a treatment facility.

How does it work?Septic System: Bacteria break down the solid waste and the liquid effluent is then released into the drainfield.Sewer System: The facility removes contaminants and then discharges water back into local water supplies.

What is the cost?Septic System: If buying a new home from a reputable new home builder, then the cost of the septic system is included in the price of the house.Sewer System: The cost to use a public sewer system varies depending on location. Some areas separate the cost of water and sewage, while others combine the two.

What type of maintenance is needed?Septic System: Depending on the usage, septic tanks need to be pumped out yearly or every few years.Sewer System: None

Who is responsible for the maintenance?Septic System: It is the homeowners responsibility to maintain the septic system.Sewer System: Your local municipality is responsible for maintaining the public sewer system.

What do you do if it fails to work?Septic System: Call a professional septic repair company.Sewer System: Call your local municipality public works department

What are the benefits?Septic System: If maintained properly a septic system generally has fewer ongoing costs.Sewer System: Sewer systems are very convenient and the homeowner has no responsibility for repairs.

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At Bugners Sewer, Septic & Portable Restrooms, our goal has been to ensure the complete satisfaction of every customer, while offering knowledgeable and friendly service at affordable but competitive rates. Our staff offers quality and reliable services you can count on.

We specialize in professional sewer and septic and vac cleaning services,from maintenance to repairs and everything in between. Our company also offers Line Locating and Diagnosis, Hydro-Jetting, whichuse high-pressure water to clean away any debris in the line, andthe installation of tanks, risers and line-pipe repair. You will find that we have the very best when it comes to portable restrooms. We specialize in weekend events as well asagricultural and commercial jobs.

We have been servicing commercial and residential systems for over 30 years.

Our company is licensed, bonded and insured.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, please call us toll free at 1-800-560-3977. Thank you for choosing Bugners Sewer, Septic & Portable Restrooms.

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Home | Bugner's Sewer & Septic Cleaning

A septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, through which domestic wastewater (sewage) flows for primary treatment.[1] Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment is only moderate.[1] Septic tank systems are a type of onsite sewage facility (OSSF). They can be used in areas that are not connected to a sewerage system, such as rural areas. The treated liquid effluent is commonly disposed in a septic drain field which provides further treatment. However, groundwater pollution may occur and can be a problem.

The term "septic" refers to the anaerobic bacterial environment that develops in the tank which decomposes or mineralizes the waste discharged into the tank. Septic tanks can be coupled with other onsite wastewater treatment units such as biofilters or aerobic systems involving artificially forced aeration.[2]

The rate of accumulation of sludge - also called septage or fecal sludge - is faster than the rate of decomposition.[1] Therefore, the accumulated fecal sludge must be periodically removed which is commonly done with a vacuum truck.[3]

A septic tank consists of one or more concrete or plastic tanks of between 4000 and 7500 liters (1,000 and 2,000 gallons); one end is connected to an inlet wastewater pipe and the other to a septic drain field. Generally these pipe connections are made with a T pipe, allowing liquid to enter and exit without disturbing any crust on the surface. Today, the design of the tank usually incorporates two chambers, each equipped with a manhole cover, and separated by a dividing wall with openings located about midway between the floor and roof of the tank.

Wastewater enters the first chamber of the tank, allowing solids to settle and scum to float. The settled solids are anaerobically digested, reducing the volume of solids. The liquid component flows through the dividing wall into the second chamber, where further settlement takes place. The excess liquid, now in a relatively clear condition, then drains from the outlet into the septic drain field, also referred to as a leach field, drain field or seepage field, depending upon locality. A percolation test is required prior to installation to ensure the porosity of the soil is adequate to serve as a drain field.[4][5]

The remaining impurities are trapped and eliminated in the soil, with the excess water eliminated through percolation into the soil, through evaporation, and by uptake through the root system of plants and eventual transpiration or entering groundwater or surface water. A piping network, often laid in a stone-filled trench (see weeping tile), distributes the wastewater throughout the field with multiple drainage holes in the network. The size of the drain field is proportional to the volume of wastewater and inversely proportional to the porosity of the drainage field. The entire septic system can operate by gravity alone or, where topographic considerations require, with inclusion of a lift pump. Certain septic tank designs include siphons or other devices to increase the volume and velocity of outflow to the drainage field. These help to fill the drainage pipe more evenly and extend the drainage field life by preventing premature clogging or bioclogging.

An Imhoff tank is a two-stage septic system where the sludge is digested in a separate tank. This avoids mixing digested sludge with incoming sewage. Also, some septic tank designs have a second stage where the effluent from the anaerobic first stage is aerated before it drains into the seepage field.

A properly designed and normally operating septic system is odor-free and, besides periodic inspection and emptying of the septic tank, should last for decades with minimal maintenance.

A well designed and maintained concrete, fiberglass, or plastic tank should last about 50 years.[6]

Waste that is not decomposed by the anaerobic digestion must eventually be removed from the septic tank. Otherwise the septic tank fills up and wastewater containing undecomposed material discharges directly to the drainage field. Not only is this detrimental for the environment but, if the sludge overflows the septic tank into the leach field, it may clog the leach field piping or decrease the soil porosity itself, requiring expensive repairs.

When a septic tank is emptied, the accumulated sludge (septage, also known as fecal sludge[7]) is pumped out of the tank by a vacuum truck. How often the septic tank must be emptied depends on the volume of the tank relative to the input of solids, the amount of indigestible solids, and the ambient temperature (because anaerobic digestion occurs more efficiently at higher temperatures), as well as usage, system characteristics and the requirements of the relevant authority. Some health authorities require tanks to be emptied at prescribed intervals, while others leave it up to the decision of an inspector. Some systems require pumping every few years or sooner, while others may be able to go 1020 years between pumpings. An older system with an undersize tank that is being used by a large family will require much more frequent pumping than a new system used by only a few people. Anaerobic decomposition is rapidly restarted when the tank is refilled.

Like any system, a septic system requires maintenance. The maintenance of a septic system is often the responsibility of the resident or property owner. Some forms of abuse or neglect include the following:

Septic tank additives have been promoted by some manufacturers with the aim to improve the effluent quality from septic tanks, reduce sludge build-up and to reduce odors. However, these additives - which are commonly based on "effective microorganisms" - are usually costly in the longer term and fail to live up to expectations.[10] It has been estimated that in the U.S. more than 1,200 septic system additives were available on the market in 2011.[11] However, very little peer-reviewed and replicated field research exists regarding the efficacy of these biological septic tank additives.[11]

While a properly maintained and located septic tank does not pose any more environmental problems than centralized municipal sewage treatment[citation needed], certain problems can arise with septic tanks in unsuitable locations. Since septic systems require large drainfields, they are not suitable for densely built areas.

Some constituents of wastewater, especially sulfates, under the anaerobic conditions of septic tanks, are reduced to hydrogen sulfide, a pungent and toxic gas. Methane may also be released. Nitrates and organic nitrogen compounds can be reduced to ammonia. Because of the anaerobic conditions, fermentation processes take place, which may generate carbon dioxide and/or methane.[citation needed]

Septic tanks by themselves are ineffective at removing nitrogen compounds that have potential to cause algal blooms in waterways into which affected water from a septic system finds its way. This can be remedied by using a nitrogen-reducing technology,[12] or by simply ensuring that the leach field is properly sited to prevent direct entry of effluent into bodies of water.[citation needed]

The fermentation processes cause the contents of a septic tank to be anaerobic with a low redox potential, which keeps phosphates in a soluble and, thus, mobilized form. Phosphates discharged from a septic tank into the environment can trigger prolific plant growth including algal blooms, which can also include blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria.

The soil's capacity to retain phosphorus is usually large enough to handle the load through a normal residential septic tank. An exception occurs when septic drain fields are located in sandy or coarser soils on property adjoining a water body. Because of limited particle surface area, these soils can become saturated with phosphates. Phosphates will progress beyond the treatment area, posing a threat of eutrophication to surface waters.[13]

In areas with high population density, groundwater pollution beyond acceptable limits may occur. Some small towns are experiencing the costs of building very expensive centralized wastewater treatment systems because of this problem, owing to the high cost of extended collection systems. To reduce residential development which might increase the demand to construct an expensive centralized sewerage system, building moratoriums and limits on the subdivision of property are often imposed. Ensuring existing septic tanks are functioning properly can also be helpful for a limited time, but becomes less effective as a primary remediation strategy as population density increases.

In areas adjacent to water bodies with fish or shellfish intended for human consumption, improperly maintained and failing septic systems contribute to pollution levels that can force harvest restrictions and/or commercial or recreational harvest closures.

In North America, approximately 25 percent of the population relies on septic tanks, including some suburbs and small towns as well as rural areas.[citation needed]Indianapolis is one example of a large city where many of the city's neighborhoods still rely on separate septic systems.[14] In Europe, septic systems are generally limited to rural areas.

In the European Union the EN 12566 standard provides the general requirements for packaged and site assembled treatment plants used for domestic wastewater treatment.

Part 1 (EN 12566-1) is for septic tanks which are prefabricated or factory manufactured and made of polyethylene, glass reinforced polyester, polypropylene, PVC-U, steel or concrete. Part 4 (EN 12566-4) regulates septic tanks that are assembled in situ from prefabricated kits, generally of concrete construction. Certified septic tanks of both types must pass a standardized hydraulic test to assess their ability to retain suspended solids within the system. Additionally, their structural adequacy in relevant ground conditions is assessed in terms of water-tightness, treatment efficiency, and structural behaviour.[15]

In France, about 4 million households (or 20% of the population) are using on-site wastewater disposal systems (lassainissement non collectif),[16] including septic tanks (fosse septique). The legal framework for regulating the construction and maintenance of septic systems was introduced in 1992 and updated in 2009 and 2012 with the intent to establish the technical requirements applicable to individual sewerage systems.[17] Septic tanks in France are subject to inspection by SPANC (Service Public dAssainissement Non Collectif), a professional body appointed by the respective local authorities to enforce wastewater collection laws, at least once in four years. Following the introduction of EN 12566, the discharge of effluent directly into ditches or watercourses is prohibited, unless the effluent meets prescribed standards.[18]

According to the Census of Ireland 2011, 27.5% of Irish households (i.e. about 440,000 households), with the majority in rural areas, use an individual septic tank.[19]

Following a European Court of Justice judgment made against Ireland in 2009 that deemed the country non-compliant with the Waste Framework Directive in relation to domestic wastewaters disposed of in the countryside, the Water Services (Amendment) Act 2012 was passed in order to regulate wastewater discharges from domestic sources that are not connected to the public sewer network and to provide arrangements for registration and inspection of existing individual domestic wastewater treatment systems.[20][21]

Additionally, a code of practice has been developed by the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate the planning and construction of new septic tanks, secondary treatment systems, septic drain fields and filter systems.[22] Direct discharge of septic tank effluent into groundwater is prohibited in Ireland, while the indirect discharge via unsaturated subsoil into groundwater, e.g. by means of a septic drain field, or the direct discharge into surface water is permissible in accordance with a Water Pollution Act license.[22] Registered septic tanks must be desludged by an authorized contractor at least once a year; the removed fecal sludge is disposed of, either to a managed municipal wastewater treatment facility or to agriculture provided that nutrient management regulations are met.[22]

Since 2015, only certain property owners in England and Wales with septic tanks or small packaged sewage treatment systems need to register their systems, and either apply for a permit or qualify for an exemption with the Environment Agency.[23] Permits need to be granted to systems that discharge more than a certain volume of effluent in a given time or that discharge effluent directly into sensitive areas (e.g., some groundwater protection zones).[24] In general, permits are not granted for new septic tanks that discharge directly into surface waters.

In Northern Ireland, the Department of the Environment must give permission for all wastewater discharges where it is proposed that the discharge will go to a waterway or soil infiltration system. The discharge consent will outline conditions relating to the quality and quantity of the discharge in order to ensure the receiving waterway or the underground aquifer can absorb the discharge.[25]

The Water Environment Regulations 2011 regulate the registration of septic tank systems in Scotland. Proof of registration is required when new properties are being developed or existing properties change ownership.[26]

In Australia, septic tank design and installation requirements are regulated by State Governments, through Departments of Health and Environmental Protection Agencies. Regulation may include Codes of Practice[27][28] and Legislation.[29] Regulatory requirements for the design and installation of septic tanks commonly references Australian Standards (1547 and 1546). Capacity requirements for septic tanks may be outlined within Codes of Practice, and can vary between states.

In many council districts (e.g. Sunshine Coast) septic systems have been banned and need to be replaced with much more expensive small scale sewage treatment systems that actively pump air into the tank producing an aerobic environment.[citation needed] Septic systems need to be replaced with any new building applications, regardless of how well the old system performed.[citation needed]

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, in the United States it is the home owners' responsibility to maintain their septic systems.[30] Anyone who disregards this requirement will eventually be faced with costly repairs when solids escape the tank and clog the clarified liquid effluent disposal system.

In Washington State, for example, a "shellfish protection district" or "clean water district" is a geographic service area designated by a county to protect water quality and tideland resources. The district provides a mechanism to generate local funds for water quality services to control non-point sources of pollution, such as septic system maintenance. The district also serves as an educational resource, calling attention to the pollution sources that threaten shellfish growing waters.[31]

Excerpt from:
Septic tank - Wikipedia

Vero Beach's hybrid septic-sewer systems drastically cut the cost of hooking homes up to sewer. Video by Jim Waymer. June 1, 2016. Wochit

Cornelius Kossen (left), of the city of Stuart Public Works, Utilities Division, and Holwinster Alexis install a grinder tank at a home on Osceola Street on Feb. 9, 2015, in Stuart. The system grinds sewage which is pumped through a 1.25-inch hose also buried in the yard into an established sewer line.(Photo: ERIC HASERT/TCPALM)Buy Photo

ABOUT THIS SERIESThis report is part of the Troubled Water project produced by the Carnegie-Knight News21 initiative, a national investigative reporting project headquartered at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University. TCPalm provided the local information.

Most of the 43 million Americans who rely on privatewells dont know if their water is safe to drink because unlike the regulation of public water systems, there is no government monitoring of wells.

The responsibility lies with owners, many of whom never test their wells because of cost, disinterest and a lack of knowledge about what could be in groundwater.

Yet their wells could be contaminated by substances such as arsenic or uranium from bedrock, nitrate and manure runoff from farming, or human waste from the well owners own septic systems.

Water quality experts Leslie DeSimone and Bruce Lindsey of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program told News21the water in millions of wells is likely to be contaminated. In 2009, DeSimone conducted a study for the USGS and found that 23 percent of surveyed private wells were contaminated. She said these figures remain reasonably representative.

Lindsey added that its more likely that (groundwater) concentrations are moving slightly higher.

National figures like 23 percent mask the fact that some places are better than that and others are worse, Lindsey said. Especially for private well owners, the responsibility is almost always on them to test and treat their water, which many don't do.

MostFloridians are served by public water systems covered byfederal and state safe drinking water laws that require routine testing; but about 12 percent gettheir water from private wells or "limited-use" public water systems, such as wells shared by apartment house residents.

Under an arrangement with regional water management districts, state health department offices in Martin, St. Lucie and Indian River counties inspect the construction of private wells andlimited use public wells.

After that, the health department recommends but doesn't require private well owners have their systems inspected once a year for contaminants including bacteria, arsenic, radon and lead.

The department does inspect limited-use public wells annually and requires owners to test for bacteria every three months.

"We don't see a lot of problems," said Todd Reinhold, Martin County environmental health director. "If bacteria is found in a well, we'll require the owner to add disinfectant."

Jane Disney of Maines MDI Biological Laboratory saidgetting people to test their wells is an unending challenge in high-risk areas, where they could be drinking anything from bovine feces to arsenic.

We wont let parents bring a baby home from the hospital unless there's a car seat in the car, but you can take a child home to contaminated well water, Disney said. People either need to see an economic crisis or a public health crisis or something that they can point to before they take action.

Read more: For the complete Troubled Water project, visit troubledwater.news21.com.

We dont drink the water, Surry, Maine, resident Mike Miltner said of his private well. He added that he does absolutely nothing to filter the water.(Photo: Fionnuala O'Leary/News21)

Mike Miltner, a carpenter who lives with his wife and two children in rural Surry, Maine, told News21he knows the family'swell contains naturally occurring arsenic and radon. But he said they can't afford to spend anywhere from between $5,000 to $10,000 on a well filtration system.

Many Americans who get their drinking water from private wells also dispose of their human waste in septic systems on their property. Only seven states regularly monitor septic systems after installation. When septic systems fail, sewage can back up into homes, flood backyards and sink to the base of wells, contaminating drinking water.

Personally, Im concerned, said Zachary Lowenstein, an environmental scientist with the Environmental Protection Agency. We need that data to talk about what the concern is and where in the country we may or may not have a strong septic population. So its really just a big data gap right now.

In Florida, the health department inspects all septic systems when they're installed. After that:

Calls from neighbors about smelly septic system, possibly from a faulty drain field, are common.

"We probably get a call a day," Reinhold said. "Of course, not all are valid."

In 2010, the Florida Legislature approved a law requiring septic tank inspectionsevery five years, but repealed the measurejust two years later.

In areas where proper wastewater treatment is rare, regulation is not enforced "because a lot of people just cant afford to get a system that works, said Mark Elliott, a civil engineer and researcher at the University of Alabama. In the South in particular, he added, Many of them are living in conditions similar to before outhouses came in 120 years ago.

Leslie Bean is from Wilcox County, Ala., where most rural residents rely on septic systems that often overflow and spill into the source of their drinking water.(Photo: Michael M. Santiago/News21)

Id rather drink water of the creek than drink the water from here, Leslie Bean said of his community in Wilcox County, Alabama.

Although rural areas generally have a high rate of domestic well use, the numbers vary. In New Hampshire, more than 46 percent of people rely on wells compared to 17 percent in West Virginia and just 6 percent in South Dakota, according to a national sampling of states by News21.

In New England, 55 percent of people in Vermont and 57 percent in Maine have domestic wells.

In addition to filtration systems for wells, home septic systems can be expensive. New systems cost between $2,000 and $10,000. Fixing pipes and tanks as they age can cost more.

Altogether, this can create an insurmountable financial burden for low-income families. And maintaining a working septic system is especially difficult for families in places with poor soil conditions and insufficient drainage.

Several septic-to-sewer programs are underway along the Treasure Coast, mostly to keep contaminants out of the St. Lucie River and Indian River Lagoon rather than for human health concerns.

About 120,000 septic tanks are in use alongthe Treasure Coast.There are as many as 600,000 septic tanks in the five counties along the Indian River Lagoon, including those on the Treasure Coast.

Septic tank pollution contributed to the 2016fish kills in the Banana River and the northern lagoon. While septic systems contributed to the algae blooms in the St. Lucie River last summer, the algae came from Lake Okeechobee discharges.

News21 reporters Jenna Miller and Fraser Allan Best and TCPalm reporter Tyler Treadway contributed to this article.

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Troubled Water: Wells aren't regulated and septic tanks aren't inspected - TCPalm

Officials are becoming concerned about some failing household septic systems in neighboring Nimishillen Township.

LOUISVILLE Louisville officials are expressing concern about failing septic systems at a cluster of homes in neighboring Nimishillen Township.

While the city has a sanitary sewer trunk line near the area of Ravenna Avenue and Brookside Street NE, no one is rushing to have the affected homes connected.

"We have sanitary sewer directly across the street from these homes," City Manager E. Thomas Ault said. "Eventually these people will need sanitary sewer. There will be some ongoing discussions on this. We are not looking to impose anything on them. The septics are leeching into Louisville. We are getting the problem."

While the identifiedproperties with the failing septic systems are on the west side of Ravenna Avenue NE, the city's sewer line is on the east side of the street, which also is state Route 44.

The townshiphomeowners "want no part of annexation," Ault said. "I don't want to get the township trustees all fired up. We have not had any discussions with the township on this topic yet. Typically, when properties are contiguous, we do consider annexation. We are willing to work with the township to resolve this in a reasonable way."

Health concerns

Officials with the Stark County Health Department acknowledge there are some failing septic systems in the area.

"We have to figure out how we are going to take care of these issues," said Paul DePasquale, the agency's environmental health director.

"We are working with interested parties to figure out what is the best option. We are looking for viable options for these homeowners. Anytime untreated septic (waste) rises to the surface of the ground, it is considered a public health nuisance."

At a recent work session, city officials were briefed on the status of the septic system concern. Three of the six properties apparently have ample space to install new septic systems. However, the other three properties are too small to accommodate new septic systems.

"This whole area, for more than a decade, the Stark County Health Department has been scrutinizing because of failing septic systems," City Councilman Richard Guiley said. "We are being told the Stark County Health Department is taking a stronger approach."

Township's view

The possibility of losing the properties to the city through annexation looms, said Nimishillen Township Trustee Todd Bosley.

"It is our hope they can replace their septic systems without tying into the expensive sewage system of Louisville," Bosley said. "Their monthly rates are high. And I don't see them going down in the future."

For the homes with the smaller lots, Bosley suggested installing something like a household sewage treatment system.

"You would have to put in an aeration system," he said. "It is clean water that comes out. That is going to be a lot less expensive to the residents."

When told that a Health Department sanitarian had a discussion with a representative of Louisville about the septic system concern, Bosley took issue.

"At no time was I ever contacted about this matter," Bosley said. "Not one time did we get a call. This whole thing is disappointing to me. It can solved without the city of Louisville being involved."

But at the moment, no action has been taken.

"We haven't ordered anything yet because we are still researching what will be the best solution for these homeowners," DePasquale said.

Connecting the Nimishillen Township properties to the Louisville sewer line on the east side of Ravenna Avenue NE might be cost prohibitive. Louisville officials extended a sewer trunk line northwardin this area recently to accommodate what was envisioned to be future development, possibly commercial.

"I believe that pipe is about 18 feet deep," Ault said. "You can't just connect each house into a sewer trunk line that deep. We don't know which direction this will go yet. We know the County Health Department will or has sent some notices to some people."

Reach Malcolm at 330-580-8305

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Louisville concerned about failing septic systems - Massillon Independent

Harveys filthy floodwaters pose significant dangers to human safety and the environment even after water levels drop, experts say.

Houston already was notorious for sewer overflows following rainstorms. Now the system, with 40 wastewater treatment plants across the far-flung metropolis, faces an unprecedented challenge.

State officials said several dozen sewer overflows had been reported in areas affected by the hurricane, including in Corpus Christi. Private septic systems in rural areas could fail as well.

Also in the noxious mix are spilled fuel, runoff from waste sites, lawn pesticides and pollutants from the regions many petroleum refineries and chemical plants.

Houstons mayor said Tuesday that Americas fourth-largest city was open for business, but with many areas under water and some residents not able to get to work, many huge problems remained.

The potentially toxic water is a big one. Floodwaters have inundated at least seven Superfund toxic waste sites near Houston and some may be damaged, though Environmental Protection Agency officials have yet to assess the full extent of what occurred.

The Houston area has more than a dozen Superfund sites, among the nations most intensely contaminated places. Texas Gov. Greg Abbott told CNN that the EPA is working on some of them already, but they have restraints on their ability to check out some of them just simply because of the water.

Meanwhile, repairs continued on the water treatment plant in Beaumont, about 85 miles from Houston, which failed during flooding. Houston said its water was safe to drink. Keeping it that way will require stepped-up chemical treatments because of the flooding.

Its prudent to pump more chlorine and other disinfectants into drinking water systems in emergencies like this, to prevent outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and dysentery, said David Andrews, senior scientist with the Environmental Working Group, an advocacy organization. But doing so poses its own risks, he said.

Theres often more organic matter sewage, plants, farm runoff in reservoirs or other freshwater sources during heavy rains. When chlorine reacts with those substances, it forms chemicals called trihalomethanes, which can boost the risk of cancer and miscarriages, Andrews said.

Right now its a tough time to deal with that, when youre just trying to clean the water up and make sure its not passing illnesses through the system, he said. But we should do better at keeping contamination out of source water in the first place.

A report by the nonprofit research group Climate Central said more than 10 billion gallons of sewage was released along the East Coast during Superstorm Sandy.

The Houston Chronicle reported last year that Houston averages more than 800 sewage overflows a year and is negotiating an agreement with the EPA that would require system improvements.

A Texas A&M analysis of floodwater samples from the Houston area revealed levels of E. coli bacteria that signal the presence of fecal matter 125 times higher than is safe for swimming. Even wading through such tainted water could cause infections and sickness, said Terry Gentry, an associate professor and specialist in detecting tiny disease-producing organisms.

Precautions should be taken by anyone involved in cleanup activities or any others who may be exposed to floodwaters, said a statement from the EPA.

Hazards will remain as waters gradually recede. Puddles, tires and other pools of standing water will attract mosquitoes, which can spread viruses such as West Nile and Zika.

Much of the dirty water will flow through rivers, creeks and bayous into Galveston Bay, renowned for its oyster reefs, abundant wildlife and seagrass meadows. Then officials will need to monitor shellfish for signs of bacterial contamination.

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Harvey's floodwaters are a foul mix of sewage, chemicals - Omaha World-Herald