Amid the headlines reporting on the Great Resignation and Americas Labor Crisis, employers are searching for solutions to the current workforce shortage. According to a recent report from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, a whopping 94% of state and local chambers said businesses were finding it difficult or very difficult to find workers. As summer approaches and many employers move into their busiest season, you may be looking at staffing options you may have never considered in the past, including hiring teen workers, creating internship programs, and offering volunteer opportunities. Any or all of those may be viable options for your organization, but there are a host of potential compliance pitfalls that you need to consider. Here is a guide to bringing aboard minors, interns, and volunteers this summer.

Employing Minors

Both federal and state laws restrict the time of day and number of hours that minors can work, the type of work that minors can perform, and the equipment they can use. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is the federal law that governs child labor and the Department of Labors Wage and Hour Division (WHD) is the agency charged with its enforcement. The FLSA allows states to enact more restrictive child labor laws, so you must be aware of any local restrictions as well. In situations where the federal law and state law differ, you must follow the law that provides the most protection for the minor.

Days and Hours of Employment

Occupations

There are limited exemptions for a few of the hazardous occupations for 16 and 17-year-olds who are apprentices or student-learners enrolled in approved programs.

It is important to keep in mind how these occupations may cross into unexpected areas. In two recent WHD child labor investigations, one involving a grocery store and one a bakery, the child labor violations did not stem from the grocery stores meat slicer or the bakerys dough mixer. Rather, the violation stemmed from the simple task of trash removal where the trash was loaded in a trash compactor, which violated HO 12.

These investigations serve as good reminders that you should review all of the job duties that will be assigned to minor workers and compare those with DOLs prohibited occupations. You should also check state law, which may have additional restrictions on the types of occupations that employees under 18 can work.

Another area that can create confusion for employers is driving. Under the FLSA, no employee under 17 years of age may drive a motor vehicle on public roads as part of their job. Minors who have reached the age of 17 may drive on public roadways as part of their employment, but only during daylight hours on an occasional and incidental basis, and subject to several other stringent restrictions. Importantly, 17-year-olds are not permitted to make urgent, time-sensitive deliveries, such as pizza deliveries.

Limited exceptions to these prohibitions may be available for children enrolled in an approved Work Experience and Career Exploration Program or Work-Study Program.

The child labor regulations provide direction on the types of work youth ages 14 -15 are permitted to perform, including:

Importantly, any job that is not specifically permitted for this age group is prohibited.

Work Permits/Age Certificates

Work permits and age certificates are not required under the FLSA, but many states require them for workers of certain ages. Work permits are usually issued by the local school authority or the state labor department. States that have work permit requirements generally require employers to review the work permit documentation before hiring a minor.

Some states require that you obtain an age certificate before hiring a minor. These are typically issued by the states in which the minor works, but DOL will issue age certificates if the minor employees state does not. A valid, unexpired federal certificate of age or a certificate issued by a state designated by DOL provides proof that a minor is at least the minimum age to work in a particular occupation and it may provide a defense to a claim for child labor violations.

Meal and Rest Breaks

In addition to the days and hours of employment requirements, you must also comply with applicable state law obligations related to meal and rest breaks. These generally include provisions on the number of meal and/or rest breaks that must be provided, when they should be provided, and how long they should last. While the FLSA does not require meal or rest breaks, the regulations require that rest breaks that last between 5 and 20 minutes must be paid. Meal periods of 30 minutes or more may be unpaid.

Postings

Employers who hire minors may be required to display additional postings. Federal law requires FLSA-covered employers to conspicuously post the Employee Rights Under the Fair Labor Standards Act poster, which includes information related to child labor. Some states have their own separate child labor posters and may also require you to post age-related permits or certificates, a list of the minors employed, or their meal and rest breaks.

Creating Internship Programs

You may also be considering internship programs to help alleviate your staffing woes. The National Association of Colleges and Employers reported that employers expect to boost their intern hiring by over 22% for the academic year that is wrapping up this summer. However, be careful not to think that internships are a ready-made solution to help you fill open roles or otherwise replace departed employees, as they are not necessarily like-for-like replacements for your paid employees.

As a general rule, the FLSA requires for-profit employers to pay employees for work. In some instances, however, interns and students may not be considered employees and therefore may not be entitled to compensation.

To determine whether an employment relationship exists between and employer and an intern, courts examine the economic reality of the relationship to see which party is the primary beneficiary of the relationship. If the employer is the primary beneficiary, the intern must be paid. If the intern is the primary beneficiary, the intern may be unpaid.

7-Factor Test

The primary beneficiary test includes seven factors. The test is flexible and no single factor is determinative, so the determination about whether the individual should be considered a paid employee or an unpaid intern is made on a case-by-case basis.

State laws may have separate internship requirements, so you should examine the requirements under both federal and state law. You should also review educational documentation to ensure your internship program aligns with the goals and approach of the interns educational program. You may want to coordinate with local colleges and universities to define the parameters of the internship program and to obtain assistance identifying candidates who may be interested in an internship.

To avoid blurring lines between employees and interns, you should not use interns to fill open positions. You should also refrain from giving any assurances of a job after the internship ends.

Drafting Volunteers

For public sector and non-profit organizations, volunteers may also be a viable option to ease some of the current strain they are feeling. This is not the case for private sector, for-profit employers.

DOL guidance indicates that a volunteer generally will not be considered an employee for FLSA purposes if the individual freely volunteers for public service, religious, or humanitarian objectives, and without contemplation or receipt of compensation. Examples may include members of a mens or womens organization assisting patients in nursing homes, parents reading to students in a school library, or individuals driving a school bus to transport a school band on a trip.

To be considered a volunteer, the individual:

Volunteers who are employed by a non-profit organization may not volunteer to provide the same types of services to their non-profit organization that they are employed to perform. Volunteers may be paid expenses, reasonable benefits, a nominal fee, or any combination thereof for their service without losing their status as volunteers. However, those payments cannot be a substitute for compensation or tied to productivity.

Conclusion

By understanding the specific rules surrounding volunteers, interns, and minors, you may be able to develop a new crop of valuable talent to your organization this summer. These new relationships could be rewarding to both the individuals you bring aboard and your business.

Read more here:
Sidestepping the Pitfalls of Seasonal Hiring An Employers Guide to Bringing Aboard Minors, Interns, and Volunteers this Summer - JD Supra

United States- Report Ocean published a new report on the Commercial Robotic Cleaners Market. The study includes an in-depth analysis of regional trends and market growth in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East Africa. This study report also examines the challenges that are negatively impacting the industrys growth and outlines a strategy adopted by companies during 2022 to 2030.

Robotic cleaning technology has been advancing and transforming the cleaning landscape in commercial settings. An increasing shipment of cleaning robots has been observed in global market because these smart equipments can lower labor cost, improve cleaning efficiency, and reduce working accidents. Industrial and commercial robotic cleaners are expected to gain momentum in professional cleaning required by manufacturing plants, healthcare facilities, education buildings, retails, logistics, business centers, etc.

Global total revenue of commercial robotic cleaners will advance to $$million in 2023, registering a CAGR of $$% between 2016 and 2023. This represents a cumulative revenue of $7.806 billion during 2017-2023 owing to a fast-growing adoption of robotic solutions for cleaning floors, pools, windows, gutters, ducks/pipes, storage tanks and boilers, and hulls across a magnitude of commercial sectors.

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Highlighted with 27 tables and 57 figures, this 136-page report Commercial Robotic Cleaners: Global Market 2017-2023 by Vertical, Application and Region is based on a comprehensive research of worldwide commercial robotic cleaner market by analyzing the entire global market and all its sub-segments through extensively detailed classifications. Profound analysis and assessment are generated from premium primary and secondary information sources with inputs derived from industry professionals across the value chain. The report provides historical market data for 2014 and 2015, revenue estimates for 2016, and forecasts from 2017 till 2023.

In-depth qualitative analyses include identification and investigation of the following aspects:

The trend and outlook of global market is forecast in optimistic, balanced, and conservative view. The balanced (most likely) projection is used to quantify global commercial cleaning robots market in every aspect of the classification from perspectives of vertical, application, and region.

Based on vertical

o Floor Cleaning

o Tube and Pipe Cleaning

o Storage Tank and Boiler

o Hull Cleaning

o Window Cleaning

o Other Cleaning

o Floor Cleaning

o Pool Cleaning

o Window Cleaning

o Other Cleaning

o Floor Cleaning

o Window Cleaning

o Other Cleaning

o Floor Cleaning

o Window Cleaning

o Wall Cleaning

o Other Cleaning

Geographically, the following regions together with the listed national markets are fully investigated:

For each of the aforementioned regions and countries, detailed analysis and data for annual revenue are available for 2014-2023. The breakdown of all regional markets by country and split of some key national markets by vertical over the forecast years are also included.

The report also covers current competitive scenario and the predicted manufacture trend; and profiles global commercial robotic cleaner vendors including market leaders and important emerging players.

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Specifically, potential risks associated with investing in global commercial cleaning robots market are assayed quantitatively and qualitatively through GMDs Risk Assessment System. According to the risk analysis and evaluation, Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are generated as a guidance to help investors & stockholders manage and minimize the risks, develop appropriate business models, and make wise strategies and decisions.

Key Players:

Table of Content:

Key Questions Answered in the Market Report

How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact the adoption of by various pharmaceutical and life sciences companies? What is the outlook for the impact market during the forecast period 2021-2030? What are the key trends influencing the impact market? How will they influence the market in short-, mid-, and long-term duration? What is the end user perception toward? How is the patent landscape for pharmaceutical quality? Which country/cluster witnessed the highest patent filing from January 2014-June 2021? What are the key factors impacting the impact market? What will be their impact in short-, mid-, and long-term duration? What are the key opportunities areas in the impact market? What is their potential in short-, mid-, and long-term duration? What are the key strategies adopted by companies in the impact market? What are the key application areas of the impact market? Which application is expected to hold the highest growth potential during the forecast period 2021-2030? What is the preferred deployment model for the impact? What is the growth potential of various deployment models present in the market? Who are the key end users of pharmaceutical quality? What is their respective share in the impact market? Which regional market is expected to hold the highest growth potential in the impact market during the forecast period 2021-2030? Which are the key players in the impact market?

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Commercial Robotic Cleaners Market 2022 In-depth Assessment, Industry Drivers, Future Roadmap by 2030 The Greater Binghamton Business Journal - The...

Finding rust on metal surfaces or items doesnt mean they can no longer be used. In fact, baking soda is the perfect way to revive rusty knives, pans and even precious power tools without damaging them - but whats the best way to use it? These are the two best methods to banish rust from metals using nothing but water and baking soda.

Baking soda is often avoided as a household cleaning agent when it comes to metals, but rust is the one exception.

While the abrasive consistency of this pantry staple can leave scratches or scuffs on some delicate surfaces, it is perfectly fine for use on rust-covered patches.

To successfully banish rust with baking soda, you need to make sure that the consistency and application of the solution are up to scratch.

READ MORE:Cleaning: Great way to banish flies from homes - works instantly

Both of these methods will only be effective if the baking soda is left to sit before scrubbing off the excess.

Simply leave the coated items or surface undisturbed for at least one hour to allow the concentrated alkaline to dissolve the oxidised clumps of metal.

Once the solution has been left to seep into the metals, you can start scrubbing the excess off using an abrasive brush or sponge.

Steel wool and wire tools work particularly well for the scrubbing stage of the rust removal.

Gently scrub the affected area using small, quick motions to lift the surface residue.

As you scrub the metal, you should feel the rust peel away from the surface.

At this point, the metal surface should be smooth and rust free, with only the remnants of the baking soda paste visible.

Rinse the excess paste away using warm water and polish with a clean cloth to reveal the shiny, rust-free metal.

If this hasnt completely removed the orangey-brown residue, apply more paste and spot treat the remaining spots.

Excerpt from:
How to clean rust off metal with baking soda - two best methods to banish stubborn rust - Express

Gogglebox' Wiltshire husband and wife Giles and Mary were back on screens on Friday giving their judgments on this week's television. However their comic antics didn't impress all Channel 4 viewers, and many requested the "boring" couple to be taken off the show.

At one point, Giles was sat beside his wife eating radishes he had grown.

"Okay Mary, here is my entire crop of radishes," he explained.

"Beautiful," Mary replied, as he went on: "This is the first produce of the year, listen to that crunch."

He cut into a piece for Mary as she stated: "I don't want a second piece, I've got one thanks."

READ MORE:BBC star in bias row after false claim over death of cleaner

"Don't you binge eat them all!" she snapped as Giles proceeded to eat it himself.

"I can, I've grown them and they're mine," he replied, swerving the dish away from Mary's grasp.

"You couldn't want more than one radish," Mary responded.

"Well you must eat a second one Nutty, otherwise you'll starve," Giles insisted.

He continued: "Luckily in this country, we can still get food, I don't know for how much longer."

Twitter user Sheltie_Dreams fumed: "Giles is such a child #gogglebox."

@BobbyWilde2 penned: "I feel like Giles is constantly showing off for the cameras now, its getting really boring #gogglebox."

@fidoeslife stated: "Giles and Mary need to go #gogglebox."

"Shove a knitting needle in it and let Giles head butt it #gogglebox," @mr_chambers_ commented as one scene showed Mary trying to knit while Giles was talking.

@ricardoautobahn shared: "I don't know if I feel more sorry for Giles or Mary #gogglebox."

"Always forgot how much I truly hate Giles & Mary. At first I thought they were a bit weird, but now its beyond utterly unbearable whenever they appear on screen. Every new season I pray they won't return, but then up they f***ing pop.... #Gogglebox," @AnthonyShannon2 wrote.

The couple has been part of the series since 2015, and often leave viewers divided on their bizarre conversations.

Goggleboxis available to watch on All4.

Read the original:
Gogglebox fans call for Giles and Mary to be cut from show 'Need to go' - Express

From cat Scooter's apartment, he not only has amazing views of the Toronto skyline, but he's now found a new friend in the building's window cleaner.

Washing the windows of giant buildings would be a scary and difficult task for most people, but the prospect of meeting this feline must make the job a lot more appealing.

Scooter's racked up over a million views on TikTok in just one day after his owner shared the heartwarming moment he met the window cleaner, albeit through a thick sheet of glass.

"The most wholesome thing happened today," they wrote, showing Scooter walking around the apartment to the sound of "Yellow" by Coldplay.

The cat approached the large window, appearing fascinated by the window cleaner working outside. He timidly approached, climbing onto the windowsill and following the tools with his head.

It wasn't long before he began pawing at the window, trying to join in on the job. Adorably, the window cleaner slowed down in moments, waiting for Scooter to paw at the tool each time and interacting with him.

The video can also be seen in full here.

Scooter already has a large following online, with 300,000 followers on the account that shows videos of him in all his cute glory. Videos on the account often reel off "reasons he wouldn't survive in the wild," including enjoying regular Starbucks, having his own seat at the table for Sunday brunch and being tucked in nightlythe definition of a pampered pet.

One-year-old Scooter also likes to be carried around the city in his own backpack with a space-age style bubble window, much to the amusement of TikTok viewers.

It is, however, his new friendship with the window cleaner that has truly captured the hearts of most.

"I'd be fired on the first day, because I'd sit there all day," commented a viewer.

"I'm a window cleaner just like this guy and honestly, seeing cats in the window trying to chase the tools makes my day," wrote one TikTok user.

"All I need is a compilation of window cleaners and cats and I'll die happy," wrote another.

As shown by TikTok's reaction, cats and window cleaners are often two peas in a pod, and Scooter isn't the first to go viral for this kind of thing.

Since 2015, Rina Takei and her cat, Guinness, have regularly racked up views in the millions on their YouTube videos, showing a feline and window cleaner friendship.

Just like Scooter, Guinness enjoys following around the cleaning tools with its paws and even runs along the window in time.

See the original post:
Cat's Adorable Interaction With Window Cleaner Melts Hearts Online - Newsweek

Washing your windows may not be your favorite household chore, but its a huge payout for minimal effortand it's really not that difficult.

Dust, pet dander, pollen and smoking residue all become aerosolized and stick to your windows, creating a dirty haze, says Ken Fisk, director of technical services at Window Genie. Try to clean your windows about twice a year. You can do them any time temperatures are above freezing, but dont work when hot sun is beating directly on the glass or the cleaning solution can dry too fast and leave streaks.

Ready to get started? Follow our simple step-by-step guide to get your windows cleaner than theyve ever been:

Its much easier to work if you pull curtains and blinds out of the way, says Fisk. Its also the ideal time to wash your drapes and dust blinds. And if your windows have removable grids (those pieces that divide the window into individual panes), gently pop them out so you dont have to clean around each tiny square, which is super-annoying and time-consuming. But be careful handling them, since UV light can make the grids brittle over time.

Its fine to use a commercial window cleaning spray, but you can also make your own thats just as effectiveand much cheaper. Combine about 8 ounces of hot water with a drop or two of Dawn dish soapwhich is great for cutting grease and grime, says Fiskin a spray bottle. (Some people like to add a splash of vinegar, too, but its not necessary.)

Get a bunch of lint-free microfiber cloths. They come in various sizes, but go with ones that are at least 14 inches, so that they're easy to handle. Old flannel rags are okay, too. Avoid using paper towelswhich can leave fibers behindand scrubby sponges that can scratch the window, says Fisk. When you wash the microfiber cloths after use, separate them from the rest of your laundry so they won't pick up fuzz from other items. And don't use fabric softener, which will decrease their absorbency.

Story continues

This area can get pretty gross. Open the window, spray cleaner on the ledge, and use a small scrub brush to clean all the dirt, dead bugs, and other debris from the nooks and crannies. Rinse with clean water (a second spray bottle filled with clean water works well).

Close the window and wet the window pane with your cleaning solution. Start with the top section first, so the solution doesn't trickle down. Get the surface evenly wet, but not dripping. Use one of your microfiber cloths (folded into about a 6" x 6" section) to wipe off the solution. You can wipe in any direction or pattern you like, but as the cloth becomes saturated, flip it over and use a dry section. Use another cloth to wipe around the edges of the frame when you're done.

An alternate way of cleaning windows is to use a squeegee. There are many different squeegee techniques, but this one's the simplest: Spray on the cleaning solution, then make a one-inch-wide swipe across the top of the window pane from left to right by tipping the squeegee so that only the corner makes contact with the glass. Pull all the way across, then wipe the blade with a cloth. Now, just below the frame, pull the squeegee steadily straight down and wipe the blade dry. Do the same maneuver again, with the squeegee overlapping the previous stroke about two inches (to help prevent streaking). When youre done with all the glass, use a clean cloth to dry the window frame, says Fisk. You also can use a clean, dry microfiber cloth to buff out any streaks.

You can wash the exterior side of windows using the same techniques described above, but be sure to never lean a ladder directly against the glassand skip it altogether if youre nervous about climbing. Note that spray-on solutions you can use with your garden hose work okay, too, though they can leave streaks.

If you'd rather leave the job up to the professionals, you can always book a window-cleaning service. Just be sure to ask for their current certificate of insurance before they start, Fisk cautions. "Dont just take their word that theyre insured!"

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Here is the original post:
The Window Washing Routine That Will Keep Your Glass Spotless - Yahoo Lifestyle

On Thursday, it was good that the streets of downtown San Francisco werent too crowded yet. A large glass plate fell from the skyscraper and shattered on the sidewalk, leaving no one injured.

The windows on the 45th floor were under repair on Thursday afternoon, but all the glass fell on the 45th floor. The San Francisco Emergency Management Agency issued an alert on Twitter at 2:08 pm on Thursday, informing residents to avoid the areas of First Street and Folsom Street due to obstacles.

Until 2:35, when the science fiction fire department posted the photo below, there was no mention of what was really happening. A window-cleaning scaffold hangs around the 45th floor of the 55-story Avery Tower at 450 Folsom. The department confirmed that there were no injuries.

The window glass seems to have come loose during the repair.

Since Twitter is Twitter, I think pedestrians should avoid the area, so someone told the Emergency Management Department that their warning about avoiding the area should be directed only to the driver. Whined.

And someone else immediately replied, Given the windows fell from the 45-story building, I think it was wise for pedestrians to avoid the area.

Back in February 2020, A large window fell from the 41st floor of the Millennium Tower, Shattered on the ground and thankfully no one was injured but the incident was due to a large gust and the fact that the windows were open at that time.

The horrifying situation of 450 Folsom is reminiscent of the infamous early days of the John Hancock Tower in Boston, designed by IM Pei, who began dropping 500 pounds of glass in strong winds. Under construction in the early 1970s.. The tower was called the Palace of Plywood because so many pieces of glass fell and were temporarily replaced by plywood. As a result of this problem, the towers opening was delayed by five years from 1971 to 1976, requiring the replacement of all 10,334 glass plates due to design flaws.

Window Glass Falls From 45th Story of The Avery In Downtown SF, Shatters On Ground Source link Window Glass Falls From 45th Story of The Avery In Downtown SF, Shatters On Ground

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Window Glass Falls From 45th Story of The Avery In Downtown SF, Shatters On Ground - California News Times

Articulating self-propelled boom lift. PHOTO | Trading Michielsens

Construction lifts are powerful aerial platforms that help workers to reach high elevations.

With many different types of lifts for construction to choose from, it is easy to make the wrong choice when you do not understand the functionality of each available option.

To help you out, here is an overview of the various types of lifts.

Also known as knuckle lifts due to the shape of their arm, articulated boom lifts are aerial platforms with a jointed arm and a work platform that reaches elevated job sites.

The base of arm is attached to a turntable that allows it to bend in various directions. This enables the lift to move around obstacles and move workers to otherwise impossible areas.

With a maximum lift height of 130 feet, articulated boom lifts are mainly used for exterior cleaning, maintenance tasks, as well as piping and electrical repairs.

A telescopic boom lift is an aerial platform attached to a long extendable arm that moves up, forward, and down allowing a worker to access very high elevations.

Unlike articulated boom lifts, telescopic boom lifts are fitted with small buckets that can only hold one worker at a time. They are ideal for tasks that can be done by one person.

At a maximum lift height of 180 feet, telescopic boom lifts can reach the highest elevation when compared with all the other types of lifts for construction.

Designed to be transported easily, towable boom lifts are best suited for projects that require conveyance of equipment from one site to another.

These types of lifts are usually fitted with arms that function just like those of telescopic boom lifts, except that their arms do not bend.

Drawback: Towable boom lifts have lower weight and height (50 ft) capacities.

Also known as cherry pickers, bucket trucks are truck-mounted aerial platforms attached to a hydraulic crane.

They are commonly used to help workers to access utility lines or to pick fruits in orchards.

Bucket trucks are also used for installation of lights and warehouse racks as well as maintenance works that require workers to reach elevated sites.

They have a maximum lift height of 160 feet.

Bucket trucks can be transported easily and quickly since they are attached to wheeled vehicles that can be driven at top speeds on highways.

RELATED: 12 Types of Cranes Used in Construction Sites

These types of lifts belong to the scissor lifts family. Rough terrain scissor lifts are fitted with heavy-duty tires to operate in exterior settings and rugged conditions.

They operate on all types of terrains, including sites with uneven surfaces.

Rough terrain scissor lifts are designed to move only up and down with a maximum lift height of 60 feet. Although their lift height is lower than that of boom lifts, rough terrain scissor lifts are fitted with wider platforms with a larger weight capacity of 2,500 lbs.

Electric slab scissor lifts are large types of lifts with wide aerial platforms stayed by cross-brace supports. They can only move up and down and must therefore be placed directly below the work area.

With a maximum lift height of 60 feet, electric slab scissor lifts are suitable for cladding installation, window cleaning and installation, as well as exterior repairs of a building.

Vertical mast lifts are aerial types of lifts for construction designed to help workers reach elevated sites in tight spaces.

They can only move up and down, which enables them to function in very narrow spaces.

Vertical mast lifts come with a platform that can hold two or more workers.

One of the biggest advantages of these lifts is their ease of transportation. However, their maximum lift height is often less than 30 feet way below that of scissor lifts and boom lifts.

Read Next...

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7 Different Types of Lifts for Construction | CK - Construction Kenya

News releases | Population Health

October 1, 2021

App-based drivers have had a lot to worry about during the pandemic, and rider behavior is a big one especially when it comes to exposure to infectious diseases and potential conflicts over masking. Charles Deluvio/Unsplash

When you get into the car of the app-based driver you just tapped up on your phone, you expect and hope the driver and the car are safe and capable of getting you where you need to go. Apps rate drivers, which you can see. But what if the driver is sick? What if the car has a mechanical problem? What if the driver has simply had a bad day?

What you may not have realized is that the driver is wondering the same thing about you: Is the passenger ill? Are they properly masked? Will they pull it down once seated? Will they cough, blowing air around? Are they in a bad mood? Did they just get out of a rough meeting or an alcohol-fueled altercation at a bar?

Its a job that is vital to so many people, for moving people to and from medical appointments, to and from the airport, etc. Obviously, app-based drivers are essential for moving people, said Marissa Baker, an assistant professor of environmental and occupational health sciences at the University of Washington. Its vital work, but its largely something the general public seems to forget about.

Baker is senior author on new study published Sept. 14 in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine that is focused on understanding the pressures, risks and dilemmas facing app-based drivers and how they were affected by the pandemic.

Every ride carries potential risks. Each trip includes at least two people possible disease vectors, unpredictable humans now in a closed and confined space. The passenger may face this risk a few times a week. For the driver, this is a workplace risk possibly undertaken dozens of times a day.

Throw a viral pandemic into the mix, and you have workers in a largely unprotected job facing a range of very difficult choices: keep driving no matter what or lose income; ignore an improperly masked passenger or tell them to mask up and risk a bad review or altercation; drive a coughing passenger to a COVID-19 testing site or face deactivation for turning them away; pay out-of-pocket for cleaning supplies and PPE or run an even greater risk of infection.

To illuminate these pressures, Baker and other UW researchers trained four app-based drivers, all affiliated with the Teamsters Local 117 in Seattle, to conduct survey interviews of their fellow drivers. The newly trained interviewers surveyed 100 app-based drivers in Seattle between Aug. 11 and Sept. 7, 2020. The drivers were predominantly male (97%), identified as Black or African (84%) and were under the age of 55 (87%).

The majority of drivers reported high levels of stress and concern about being exposed to the novel coronavirus. Roughly 30% thought they had already had COVID-19. Most, 73 drivers, lost income, while spending their own money on PPE. Those who left the business because of the pandemic (42 drivers) reported having a hard time getting unemployment benefits. Only 31% said they received an appropriate mask and hand sanitizer from the company they drove for, and even then the supplies were not enough.

For workers who are in this kind of employment during the pandemic, they receive very little support from the companies that they drive for, and this is a population that had a lot of awareness of the potential exposures they could be facing, Baker said. They had a lot of concerns and worries, not only about how those exposures would be affecting their health and their familys health, but also the viability and their job.

The drivers spoke of feeling isolated and lonely, since they rarely have a chance to talk with their peers.

In the study, one driver explained, [I]n this line of work, youre very insular. I mean, Im in my own little universe so finding a way to bridge that gap has been the biggest challenge.

Simple issues, like finding restrooms, became bigger problems with libraries, community centers and businesses closed during shutdowns.

You have other people who are doing the same job as you, but you may never interact with them. So you miss out on some of that strength, not only brainstorming of like, Hey what masks are you using? or Where are you stopping? but it also keeps workers from organizing, Baker said. If you get these workers talking to each other and recognizing that they are all facing the same struggles, that can lead to changes.

In Seattle, drivers and their union leaders have been able to win a minimum wage requirement as well as establish a resolution center where drivers contest being taken off the apps through which they are hired. There have been other improvements as well in Seattle and other cities.

Baker explains that while Seattle has taken steps to try to improve drivers working conditions, drivers nationwide do not enjoy the same benefits because they are not classified as employees. So, they dont have access to state or federal health and safety protections, a living wage or sick leave.

This is a full-time job for many people, this is not just driving on the weekends to supplement another job. These drivers are raising families, using what they make to pay for their kids to go to college. This is important, vital work, and we should be recognizing that through the benefits that we demand that these drivers receive, Baker said. Not only for their well-being, but also for the customers they interact with.

Co-authors include Kerry Beckman, Lily Monsey and Megan Archer, all graduate students and staff in the UW School of Public Health; Nicole Errett, an assistant professor in the UW Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences; and Ann Bostrom, a UW professor of public policy and governance. This research was funded by a UW Population Health Initiative Economic Recovery Grant.

###

For more information, contact Baker at bakermg@uw.edu

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UW study provides rare window into work life of app-based drivers during pandemic - UW News

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Window Cleaning Robot Market Strategic Growth Initiatives, Near-term and Long-term Growth Prospects, Competition Structure and Market Structure - The...