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Safi Mallick, a Facebook user who identifies as Nadia District Congress Media Coordinator, shared a video of a man hounded by a mob. The accompanying caption in Bengali claimed that a Muslim man was tortured by goons of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) during the lockdown in Madhya Pradesh.

Posted by Safi Mallick on Saturday, 18 April 2020

The Bengali text is as follows, Another page named Save India has also shared the clip with the same claim.

A reverse-search of one of the keyframes of the video led us to an April 18 tweet byNDTVjournalist Anurag Dwary which carried the same video. Sanitation workers attacked in MP, he wrote in Hindi.

According to anNDTVreport. A group of sanitation workers in Madhya Pradesh were attacked by a mob of locals in Dewas district on Friday [April 17] when they went to a neighbourhood to clean the streets. One of them, who was attacked with an axe, has been admitted to hospital after his hand was badly injured. The shocking attack comes weeks after similar incidents in the state in which healthcare workers and civic officials were attacked locals when they went to screen residents for coronavirus.

The report also states that the main accused is Adil who attacked Deepak and his colleagues with an axe.

The Indian Expressquoted the police as saying, The incident took place early Friday when Ashish Rajaur and Deepak Kalosia, sanitation workers attached with the local civic body, were cleaning a gutter in Koyala Mohalla. Alleging that the cleaning operation was spreading stench in the locality, Aadil allegedly attacked Ashish but he defended himself with a spade. The report added the names of the other accused Habib and Aarif.India Today identified the fourth accused as Gop Khan. During interrogation, Aadil claimed that he indulged in violence as Gop Khan had told them that since the lockdown, namaazees and followers of the Tablighi Jamaat were hounded by government workers, the ASP said, reads theIndia Todayreport.

A similar incident had occurred in Indore where a 30-year-old history-sheeter, Paras Bourasi, allegedly attacked three health workers, including a woman.

A video of sanitation workers attacked in Madhya Pradesh was therefore shared as a Muslim youth attacked by goons of the BJP.

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Video of sanitation worker attacked in MP falsely shared as BJP goons attack Muslim youth - Alt News

When it comes to senior living options, mobile homes and RVs are options that represent a wide range of seniors. Mobile home parks and RV parks offer small lots and community space that is maintained by the park.

A mobile home park much like a condominium association where the common spaces are maintained by the park owners and staff and where tenants have a small lot which they care for. When a park is deemed to be a senior mobile home park, they have rules about the minimum age of the people who live there. Most parks offer senior living for people aged 55 and older and do not permit those who are younger to live there. The park and its amenities are geared towards seniors and may have noise and usage restrictions. As military as that sound, these parks create an environment that is senior friendly and designed to enhance the quality of life for those who live in the park.

A senior RV park is somewhat different and yet, very much the same. The big difference is that there are not mobile homes in an RV park and the idea is that the tenant population is transient and not temporary. In a senior mobile home park, the majority of the people who live there, do so long-term.

Senior living mobile home parks are often affordable alternatives to living in a single family home. Most tenants pay rent on their space and own the mobile home. That means they pay a low monthly rent and can live in a larger home. Mobile homes come in single, double, and triple wide width. They can be one bedroom and larger. Most lots are small offering enough space for the mobile home and a small yard.

Another benefit is that the community is organized around the needs of seniors. People here can enjoy the park's amenities without having to compete with those amenities with kids and families.

The park's amenities are designed around senior needs and they provide an opportunity to socialize with people in the same age range.

There are many benefits of living in a senior mobile home park. If you are traveling in your RV, senior mobile home parks often have spaces that allow you to park your RV for months on end. They make great destinations for Snowbirds and other seniors who escape the harsher weather in one area of the world and to take up temporary residence in another.

The price to stay in asenior mobile home park vary by park. Most are very affordable. Many parks have space rental in the $200-$300 per month range, which is appealing for anyone on a fixed income. Some parks may rent space for as high as $1,000 a month, but those parks usually offer special amenities like a gated community, security and on-sight maintenance.

How you pay depends on the park and your arrangement. For RV owner, rent is often paid online at the time of your reservation. This means that you can pay with a credit card. For those who live in the park long-term, the rent is typically paid by check, though many parks are now allowingpayment of rent online or in person using a credit or debit card.

Long-term residents usually have a lease or rental agreement and pay their rent monthly. RV owners and those residents who are temporary, may pay rent weekly or in one-lump sum.

In short, there are usually many options for paying for rent in a mobile home park or RV Park.

Most communities have at least one senior mobile home park within their communities. You can begin your search online. There many websites that are designed for seniors.

Many sites are area specific and focus on the local community. It is not difficult to find a senior living park near you.

If you are a senior who is looking for another housing option, consider the benefits of living in a senior mobile home park. Often what you will find is that the rent is affordable and can help free up money in your budget, especially if you are on a fixed income. As rosy as that all sounds, there are drawbacks. Mobile homes can be frustrating when it comes time to repair them as many of the appliances and other parts are not a standard size. Another drawback can be the cost to heat and cool a mobile home as not all of them are energy efficient. Knowing that upfront helps you find a mobile home that is perfect for you and without a lot of the headaches.

If you live in an RV part of the year and are looking for a place to park for a few months, senior living mobile home parks often make great destinations as most have full hookups and access to electricity and potable water.

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UPDATE: A man who shot a New Jersey State Police detective investigating a trailer park home invasion by five women was charged with the attempted murder of a law enforcement officer, authorities announced Tuesday.

Najzeir Naz Hutchings, 21, and two other Bridgeton men were all armed Saturday night when they pulled up to the Harding Woods mobile home park on Harding Highway in Pittsgrove, they said.

NJSP Detective Richard Hershey was investigating a home invasion from earlier that evening, Attorney General Gurbir S. Grewal, New Jersey State Police Superintendent Patrick J. Callahan, and Salem County Prosecutor John T. Lenahan said in a joint announcement.

Five women had forced their way into a mobile home and assaulted the owner breaking a rib and lacerating a lung -- while stealing her iPhone, they said.

Hershey identified himself as a law enforcement officer when he was approached by Hutchings, Kareen "Kai" Warner Jr., 19, and Colby Opperman, 18, all of Bridgeton, who pulled up in a caravan hours later, authorities said.

Hutchings shot Hershey in the upper leg, they said, adding that the detective returned fire, forcing the defendants to flee.

Hershey underwent surgery at Cooper University Hospital in Camden and was recovering, Grewal, Callahan and Lenahan said.

A member of the caravan was treated at the hospital for a gunshot wound in her leg and was released, they said, adding that she wasnt charged.

All eight defendants were identified and captured by New Jersey State Police Fugitive and TEAMS units, assisted by the U.S. Marshals Service NY/NJ Regional Fugitive Task Force and the ATF.

The Salem County Prosecutors Office charged the five women for the home invasion, while Grewals Office of Public Integrity & Accountability (OPIA) charged the three men in the shooting.

All were being held in the Salem County Jail pending detention hearings. More charges were possible, authorities said.

We have zero tolerance for those who violently attack our law enforcement officers, Grewal said. Our state troopers put their lives on the line every day to keep our communities safe, and Saturdays incident is an important reminder of the brave work our troopers perform.

Anyone attempting to murder a New Jersey state trooper, or any member of law enforcement, will find no safe haven, Calahan added. Our pursuit will be relentless, unwavering and swift.

It began with a 6:15 p.m. home invasion by the women, identified as Jazmin Valentin, 32, Yomari Lazu, 43, Iramari Lazu, 22, Mayra Roblero, 52, and Maria Betancourt, 39, of Vineland.

Authorities charged all with aggravated assault, robbery, and conspiracy to commit robbery, as well as burglary and conspiracy to commit burglary.

Hutchings, meanwhile, was charged with first-degree attempted murder, aggravated assault on a police officer and weapons offenses.

Warner and Opperman were each charged with weapons offenses.

Anyone who would open fire on a law enforcement officer conducting an investigation, as Hutchings is alleged to have done, represents a grave danger to the community, said Director Thomas Eicher of the Office of Public Integrity and Accountability. Justice demanded swift action in this case, as did public safety.

We will continue to work closely with the New Jersey State Police to ensure that those responsible for this attack are prosecuted to the full extent of the law.

Investigating were the NJSPs Major Crime Unit South, Troop A Criminal Investigation Office, Crime Scene Investigation Unit and Cold Case Unit, along with the Salem County Prosecutors Office and state Office of Public Integrity and Accountability.

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Man Charged With Attempted Murder Of NJ State Trooper Investigating Mobile Home Invasion - Rutherford Daily Voice

The ten commissioned reports that will comprise American Roundtable, a new initiative headed by the Architectural League of New York, have been announced. Earlier in the year,AN put out a call on social media for editors who were interested to apply for the program.

Selected by a special committee from a pool of nearly 125 total submissions covering 40 states and territories, each report, spearheaded by an editor or editorial team, will focus on an overlooked small or mid-sized American community and its unique set of struggles, strengths, needs, and wants. Geographically, economically, and culturally diverse, these are places that to many Americans are just obscure points on a map, but in actually have untold stories to tell. Through essays, mapping, video, photography, graphics, and other forms of media gleaned from on-the-ground reportage, American Roundtable will tell these stories and give voice to places that have been largely left silent and unnoticed.

The hope for American Roundtable is to highlight, in all their complexity and nuance, communities too often overlooked and to provide platforms for individuals and organizations to share their stories and work imagining, understanding, and improving their local built environments, reads a press statement, which also pointed out that these are the type of communities often reduced to caricature and oversimplification.

The commissioned reports will be published online and in print this coming November and be followed by a series of thematic conversations (exact timing is pending due to the COVID-19 pandemic). The focus in each will revolve around five key topic areas: public space, health, work and economy, infrastructure, and environment. Now, it is even more of an imperative to give voice to local places to envision a better, collective future, said Paul Lewis, president of the Architectural League and Selection Committee member.

The small city of Rumford in Maines paper mill-heavy River Valley region. (Chris M. Morris/Flickr)

The 10 communities to be profiled as part of the American Roundtable project are: Africatown, a historically rich yet underserved neighborhood in Mobile, Alabama; the oft-forgotten Appalachian communities of West Virginia; Brownsville, Texass poverty-stricken southernmost border city; South Dakotas Cheyenne River Reservation, home to the Lakota people and the fourth largest Indian reservation by land in the United States; the small city of Clarksdale, Mississippi, often credited as the birthplace of the Delta Blues; New Mexicos Lower Rio Grande Valley; Maines working-class, natural resource-rich River Valley region; the climate change-vulnerable South Beach communities of Washingtons Pacific coast; North Carolinas agriculture-dependent Southeast Good Food Corridor that spans Robeson and Scotland counties, and Ohios Youngstown-Warren-Lordstown metropolitan area, a former industrial hotbed that has experienced stark population and job losses since the 1970s.

The proposals reflected the tremendous richness and diversity of Americas small cities, towns, and rural regions, so often collapsed into stereotype or dismissed altogether in our national narratives, said Sue Mobley, a New Orleans-based urbanist and activist and member of the American Roundtable Selection Committee member, in a statement. For every proposal we received there were dozens of stories contained in it: of natural spaces, economic histories, unique cultures, and incredible people that I wanted to hear more about.

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American Roundtable will shine a spotlight on 10 overlooked communities across the country - The Architect's Newspaper

Image courtesy of John Folan

Millvale Moose is an adaptive reuse project that won an AIA Pennsylvania Honor Award and a Design Pittsburgh Certificate of Merit.

FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. Two projects led by John Folan, a University of Arkansas professor and the 2018-2019 AIAS Educator Honor Award recipient, earned design awards from both the Pennsylvania and Pittsburgh chapters of the American Institute of Architects.

Folan, the recently appointed head of the Department of Architecture in the Fay Jones School of Architecture and Design, led the two projects, Millvale Moose and Home Incubator, as the director of the Urban Design Build Studio (UDBS) at Carnegie Mellon University.

Folan came to the U of A in July 2019, and he brought the Urban Design Build Studio with him. Since arriving to campus, he also was named the recipient of the 2018-2019 Educator Honor Award from the American Institute of Architecture Students, the most prestigious award that the AIAS confers on an educator.

"John Folan's receipt of both national architecture education honors and state AIA design practice honors within six months of his arrival to the Fay Jones School punctuates emphatically his appointment as department head and professor of architecture," said Peter MacKeith, dean of the school. "We are so fortunate in his leadership of the department, and in his immediate demonstrations of dedicated, selfless teaching and excellence in professional practice. As these awards and honors indicate, John leads by both active example and supportive mentorship of others. The school is privileged by his presence and proud of his accomplishments."

For the AIA design awards, Millvale Moose won an Honor Award in the Impact Design category at the 2019 AIA Pennsylvania Architectural Excellence Awards and a Certificate of Merit in the Small Projects category at Design Pittsburgh 2019.

Home Incubator won a Bronze Award in the Impact Design category at the 2019 AIA Pennsylvania Architectural Excellence Awards and a Certificate of Merit in the Small Projects category at Design Pittsburgh 2019.

Marlon Blackwell, FAIA, the E. Fay Jones Chair in Architecture at the Fay Jones School and principal of Marlon Blackwell Architects, led the jury for the 2019 AIA Pennsylvania Architectural Excellence Design Awards.

Urban Design Build Studio, which was founded by Folan in 2008, is a public interest design entity. The collaborative of students, professors and professionals work on the implementation of projects that benefit communities that do not have access to design services. Folan said all UDBS projects are community centered and regionally specific. In Pittsburgh, UDBS work focused on issues of vacancy, blight, and the reuse and repurposing of associated building material waste.

"The idea is to take materials that are normally associated with waste, divert them from landfills, and develop processes for converting the materials into something that has a new life, new vitality and is inherently of the place," he said.

The Millvale Moose project is an adaptive reuse of an abandoned Moose Lodge in Millvale, Pennsylvania, that transformed an underutilized structure into a public venue housing a commercial kitchen and a communal social space. The project used reconstituted marble slabs and lumber from buildings that were taken down.

The Design Pittsburgh jury noted that the project's "creative reuse of materials shows that budget does not limit imagination. The end result is a combination of craft, technology, process, fabrication, material reuse and attention to detail while creating a flexible solution to serve the community."

Folan said the Millvale Moose project is the result of a private-public partnership. The kitchen and building are shared by a for-profit restaurant that offers discounted meals, job skills training and cooking classes for local residents, as well as a nonprofit food rescue entity that collects food that local restaurants would otherwise throw out and redistributes it to those in need throughout Pittsburgh.

Folan and a UDBS fellow worked with community members on the Millvale Moose design. In the UDBS Fellowship program, Folan takes on apprentices, usually for a period of three years, and mentors them through their internship to professional registration. The fellows are selected from students who have worked through Folan's UDBS studios as undergraduate or graduate students and have demonstrated an ability to empower others through public interest design.

"It's an important distinction. We're trying to empower the people we work with to act through their own agency," Folan said. "When we're successful, those residents take ownership and are able to replicate processes and projects themselves."

The Home Incubator is a mobile community engagement tool used to enhance communication about housing-related issues specific to Pittsburgh. It was funded by Ford Motor Company and completed in collaboration with East Liberty Development Incorporated, a non-profit developer focused on implementation of mixed-income development.

The Design Pittsburgh jury noted that the project's "innovation, ingenuity, functionality, structural integrity and beauty demonstrated how architects can put our unique skills and artistry toward non-traditional creations to engage communities and solve problems."

The Home Incubator project acts as an in-situ negotiation table for community leaders, financial counselors, social counselors and residents to discuss vacancy, gentrification, displacement and need. Education is central in understanding the nuances of mixed-income development and misconceptions about its role in gentrification, Folan said. The project helps ensure that fixed-income residents understand opportunities available in controlling their own futures and staying in place.

"In Pittsburgh, and elsewhere, when mixed-income development is successful, improvements to the physical environment are often perceived as gentrification by long-term residents," Folan said. "In many cases, without cause, long-term, fixed-income residents leave because there is a perception of not belonging, and being pushed out. There are policies and mechanisms available to long-term residents that enable them to stay in place, often by leveraging the benefits of market rate development. The point is to bring people together who don't normally communicate with one another."

The mobile outreach and demonstration tool was made from waste cardboard and lumber, materials that are often negatively associated with the neighborhoods where the project is deployed. As with the Millvale Moose project, the modesty of the waste material is deceptive when transformed into the finished project.

The Home Incubator is a network of adaptable forms that can be used as a communal table for feasts in the neighborhoods, storytelling, real-time manipulation of building design in virtual reality and a theater. The project also provides an opportunity for the collection of oral histories and the imagination of resilient futures.

Carnegie Mellon undergraduate students in a variety of disciplines worked with Folan and community members to complete the project, which underwent several iterations before they settled on the final mobile-based design.

Folan is currently working with 52 students and three faculty members on the first UDBS project to be conducted through the U of A, the Ross and Mary Whipple Family Forest Education Center at Garvan Woodland Gardens.

The work follows the same guiding principles: community input, collective intelligence, resilience and appropriate design. At its core, the project focuses on environmental and economic futures for Arkansans. Waste materials may be incorporated into the work in Arkansas, too.

"Material waste is a problem everywhere. We generate a lot of waste, even at the Fay Jones School, where people are highly conscious about sustainability and climate change," he said.

When developing projects, Folan said the UDBS emphasizes replicable strategies, so the projects can sustain relevance beyond the immediate region and ultimately address issues of affordability over time.

Although public interest design and design-build are messy and unpredictable, Folan said that the experiences are valuable for students. These experiences help students understand the hierarchy of values and the physical realities of putting projects together on a timeline, with a budget and for a specific purpose.

"One of the common beliefs when you're developing as a designer is that everything is equally important, and it really is not," Folan said. "There are hierarchies. Things in the development of a project always present as being more important than others."

Designing with the needs of the public in mind can change the design process, because the end result has to be practical for the community. Folan said that AIA Pennsylvania's impact design award category requires evidence that a project has an impact and is used by the community.

For students, the value of this recognition lies in establishing professional relevance at a young age and tangibly demonstrating their own efficacy as change agents, he said. These awards help build their confidence and resumes.

For the communities, Folan said, this recognition instills pride where it is often in very short supply. For those stakeholders who play a significant role in realizing the projects, it gives them confidence to share their voices in the future.

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John Folan, Professor and Head of Architecture, Accorded National and Pennsylvania Honors - University of Arkansas Newswire

Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe announced tightened COVID-19-related travel restrictions for people living in the province's north Thursday, including an order requiringnorthern residents to remain in their local communities and to practise physical distancing.

Exceptions will only be made for critical items like collecting groceries and medical appointments.

The updated public health order also restrictsall non-critical travel (including those with primary residences in the region) into and out of a broad swath of land known as theNorthern Saskatchewan Administrative District, which covers nearly half of the province but has a low populationrelative to the rest of Saskatchewan.

Travel between northern communities is also restricted, though some exceptions are being made.

"Travel to and from La Ronge and Stony Rapids from outside the [district]is allowed, but individuals are not permitted to stop in any other community," according to a government release issued Thursday."Travel related to the delivery of essential services will continue to be permitted."

Here's a map showing theregion affected by the restrictions. Don't see it? Click here.

Moe said the new laws came at the request of northern mayors and leaders.

The premier singled out the northwest part of the district, including La Loche.

"We are asking people to stay at home, stay in their community, in particular in those communities in the northwest," he said. "This is one area of Saskatchewan where if you can stay at home, not just in your community, but at home, we're asking you to do so. It works in controlling this virus."

The province also announced new funding to help those communities combat the spread of the virus, including $350,000 to help establish, staff and maintain community checkpoints.

A separate $20,000 will go to La Locheto help foster food security and launch educational programs to encourage safe behaviour during the pandemic.

Thursday's news was foreshadowed a day earlier.

Moe said Wednesday thatMinister of Government RelationsLori Carrwas on a call with leaders in northern communities. The comment came in response to a question about a potential "next step" in travel restrictions.

"The conversation specific to the La Locheregion is how can we actually enhance the protection that we have in that particular area," Moe said. "So there willbe more to come, likely within the next 24 to 48 hours, on what the longer-term travel restrictions will look like in the north."

Moe said the restrictions might relax in other areas "where we do not have a large number of positive cases at this point in time."

No such relaxationwasannounced Thursday.

As of Thursday, there were 58cases overall in the far north, including 39cases in La Loche.

That includes the sixth person to die from complications from the virus: 85-year-old Agnes McDonald, a resident of La Loche Health Centre. She was the second resident of the facility to die in connection with COVID-19.

One new case in La Loche was announced Thursday.

The province is sending between 50 and 100 more health workers to the north to help with testing, assessment and contact tracing. Mobile and door-to-door testing is also planned and anyone in the area who wants to get tested will get tested.

The province has also set aside social housing units for people who need to self-isolate.

La Loche also now has a portableGeneXperttesting machine that allows for speedy testing.

Dr. Saqib Shahab, Saskatchewan's chief medical health officer, first announced the outbreak in La Loche on April 17. One staff member and one resident at La Loche Health Centre had tested positive for the virus. That number has since grown to five:two workers and three long-term care residents.

One week later, Shahab and Moe announced a new public health orderrestricting all non-critical travel into northern Saskatchewan. The order also gave northern leaders full legal authority to enforce highway checkpoints.

Shahab also strongly recommended against any non-essential travel between communities within northern Saskatchewan. Thursday's announcement effectively makes that law.

Saskatchewan NDP Leader Ryan Meili, speaking eariler in the day Thursday during his daily news conference, was close to the mark when suggesting how restrictions might be tightened in the north.

"If you're discovering that you've got lots of unnecessary travel happening despite it being a strong recommendation and those checkpoints are in place then we might need to go to stronger measures and actual prohibitions," Meili said.

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Sask. orders northern residents to stay in their home communities - CBC.ca

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The ESD flooring market continues to grow and evolve as robotics and other electronics are deployed in new ways within various work environments. Mobile robots, for example, which can build up a charge when operating on standard flooring, are increasingly common in warehouses where they increase productivity and allow e-commerce operators to meet customer demands for faster delivery times. In such cases, warehouses that once relied almost exclusively on forklifts will need to be equipped with ESD flooring to support new technology.

These warehouse applications, along with those in data centers and many manufacturing facilities, are best served by covering the floor with an epoxy coating mixed with a conductive additive such as carbon black, tin oxide or carbon nanotubes. The additives create a conductive network that transfers charge to copper strips mounted beneath the floor, effectively dissipating static electricity generated by humans and mobile robotics.

With an epoxy-based flooring, floor aesthetics and performance are difficult to determine until after the floor is installed and has fully cured, making the mixing and installation processes critical to the success of any project. Too little conductive additive within the coating and the floor will not be conductive enough to dissipate charge; too much and the floor becomes so conductive it can introduce a shock hazard.

In addition, at the loading rates required to achieve high levels of conductivity, some flooring additives are more likely to aggregate in certain areas of the floor, creating hot spots that break the conductive network and make the entire floor ineffective. High loading rates of inherently dark additive can also negatively impact floor aesthetics, making it harder to achieve the desired color and finish.

While building operators may reluctantly live with subpar aesthetics, they cannot live with hot spots, which are a common problem for ESD control flooring manufacturers and installers. Even expert installers have fallen victim to hot spots forming post-installation, indicating they are not always the result of improper installation. Manufacturers and installers may then disagree on liability, delaying resolution and frustrating all involved.

Addressing the challenge of hot spots within the framework of compliance is one of the most important issues the ESD flooring industry faces as it seeks to capitalize on the demand resulting from increased penetration of electronics in the workplace.

While there are a number of standards that can apply to ESD control flooring, depending on the application, by far the most commonly used is ANSI/ESD S20.20. This standard was last revised in 2014 at which time significant updates were made, most notably to the qualification method.

Prior to 2014, the standard allowed for qualification based only on resistance. If the total resistance was less than 3.5 x 10^7ohms from a persons hand to ground, the floor was in compliance. A walking voltage test was required only when resistance was greater than 3.5x 10^7ohms and less than 1.0 x 10^9ohms.

In the 2014 revision, the resistance method of qualification was eliminated and a walking voltage test was required for qualification, regardless of floor resistance. Specifically, the standard covers:

The requirements necessary to design, establish, implement and maintain an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control Program forelectrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharges greater than or equal to 100 volts Human Body Model (HBM).

As a result of this revision, the focus for compliance shifted from achieving specific resistance levels or thresholds to the ability of the floor to prevent the build-up of charge of 100 volts as determined by a walking voltage test.

However, one issue that was not addressed in the 2014 revision was the distinction between static dissipative and static conductive flooring that was included within the standard. Conductive flooring is generally defined as having resistance below 10^6 ohms, while dissipative flooring is defined as having resistance above 10^6 and below 10^9 ohms.

This was meaningful when compliance was based on floor resistance because flooring that is too conductive can subject workers to shock hazards. In fact, the National Fire Protection Association, prior to the development of ANSI/ESD S20.20, created a standard to prevent injury to workers in ESD flooring applications, a standard which is still referenced today.

That standard required an ESD control flooring system to not be more than 25,000 ohms when tested at 500 volts. Newer testing apparatuses test at 100 volts rather than 500 volts, so that translates into a ceiling of 100,000 (10^5) ohms, the same as is included in the current version of the S20.20 standard. Since the qualification is now based on a walking voltage test, the distinction between dissipative and conductive is irrelevant.

However, that distinction spawned a convenient threshold for specifiers. Wanting to stay on the low end of the dissipative range, many specifiers adopted one megaohm (10^6 ohms) as their guiding specification for ESD control flooring. If they could achieve a resistance level of 10^6 ohms across the floor, they could safely avoid the need for a walking voltage test under the previous version of the standard. Yet, even though the need for a walking voltage test is no longer dependent on floor resistance, the one megaohm threshold has become so well established that specifiers continue to use it today despite the fact it is not directly relevant to compliance.

The EOS/ESD Association, which maintains the S20.20 standard, is currently reviewing the standard with an eye toward addressing the confusion that has been created by maintaining the distinction between conductive and dissipative.

According to David Swenson, president of Affinity Static Consulting and a director of the EOS/ESD Association:

In the 2014 revision, the committee clarified that the requirements for the flooring and footwear system be less than 10^9 ohms with no lower limit. However, the current standards maintain the distinction between dissipative and conductive, which is not relevant in this application, and that may be contributing to confusion among specifiers. This distinction will likely be eliminated in the next revisions of the applicable standardsanything under 10^9 will be considered conductiveto further address this issue. The most important characteristic is the resistance-to-ground of the person standing on the floor and their walking voltage.

As Swenson makes clear, the distinction between dissipative and conductive, while still in the standard, is irrelevant in light of the other changes made in 2014. Yet, continued reliance on one megaohm as a threshold by specifiers is introducing unnecessary complications into compliance with the standard.

One megaohm is problematic as an absolute threshold because it is at the high end of the effective range of conductivity. Because resistance is logarithmic rather than linear, it is extremely difficult to hit a precise target when mixing ESD control flooring.

In addition, temperature and humidity variations across the floor, along with uneven dispersion of some conductive materials used in ESD control flooring, create variations in resistance measurements. When resistance of 10^6 ohms is set as an absolute threshold, its likely actual overall floor resistance will be closer to 10^5 ohmsintroducing higher risk of shock hazard and hot spots.

The impact of one megaohm as a target has even evolved beyond its use as an absolute threshold and contributed to the misconception by some that resistance should be driven as low as possible. Some specifiers now operate on the assumption that if 10^6 ohms is good, 10^5 ohms must be even better. Of course, this is not the case; yet, manufacturers and installers continue to have to educate their customers that a threshold of 10^5 ohms does not enhance protection of equipment and increases the likelihood the floor will accumulate charge, which can present risks to workers.

Rather than seeking to achieve the highest possible conductivity level, OEMs, architects and building owners should be looking to reduce conductivity levels to the point where they can safely and consistently meet the S20.20 requirement of not discharging 100 volts. That level is usually below one megaohm.

This has the added benefit of reducing the amount of additive required in the flooring compound, which reduces the impact of the additive on floor aesthetics and the likelihood of hot spots. However, with additives such as carbon black, relatively high loading rates are still required to achieve resistance levels below 10^9, and the risk of hot spots, while reduced, still exists.

That risk is being addressed through a new generation of conductive additives now being introduced into ESD control flooring. The reason traditional additives require high loading rates is the length of the fibers that compose the additive. Creating a cohesive conductive network requires a relatively dense distribution of fibers across the floor and achieving that level of density requires loading rates as high as 20%. That density is what can lead to hot spots.

New materials such as single-wall carbon nanotubes have a higher length-to-diameter ratio than any materials. Carbon nanotubes have a length-to-diameter ratio that can be as high as high as 132,000,000:1, allowing them, when added to the epoxy coating in a pre-dispersed matrix, to create an effective conductive network that is virtually impervious to hot spots at loading rates as low as 0.1%.

In addition, control over color and finish is not compromised in the way it is with other additives. Not only can manufacturers provide architects and specifiers with greater control over color when coatings dont have high percentages of inherently dark additives, but installers can more easily achieve the desired smooth finish and avoid what is commonly referred to as the orange peel effect.

While the expected changes to the S20.20 standard may help reduce the confusion caused by the current distinction between conductive and dissipative resistance that has led to the one megaohm specification, the convenience of a simple threshold for floor resistance may remain attractive to specifiers.

However, specifiers should also be aware that there are costs associated with this convenience. The ESD flooring industry can only address the challenge of hot spots and their costs to manufacturers, installers and building owners by better understanding the conductivity levels required to safely comply with S20.20 resistance-to-ground values and migrating to newer materials that can achieve compliance without the risk of hot spots.

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Rethinking the Role of Thresholds in Achieving ESD Compliance When Using Epoxy-Based Coatings - In Compliance

Airbus has begun developing a modification for A330 and A350 family widebodies designed to allowairlines to install freight pallets directly onto the cabin floor seat tracks, after removal of the economy-class seats, the company said Thursday.

Meant to alleviate the global shortage of belly-freight air cargo capacity due to the widespread grounding of long-haul aircraft during the Covid-19 pandemic, the development will also help the industry address the high demand for humanitarian flights to rapidly transport large quantities of medical equipment and other supplies over large distances.

The Airbus modification facilitates easier and quicker loading and unloading operations compared with loading cargo onto seats, as well as reduced wear to the seats themselves, the company said. Other benefits include robust fire protection and 9g load restraint capability to prevent anything from shifting in flight.

Airbus plans to make the modification available as a service bulletin, meaning the manufacturer defines the needed engineeringworkand manages the process for obtaining the one-time certification from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

The programs scope includes the removal of the seats and in-flight entertainment systems, installation of cargo pallets and associated safety equipment, and the re-installation of the original passenger cabin elements for reverting back to passenger operations.

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Airbus to Offer Freight Mod for A330, A350 Cabins - Aviation International News

Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring Market research report enhanced worldwide COVID19 Impact analysis on Market Size (Value, Production, Sales, Consumption, Revenue, and Growth Rate), Gross Margin, Industry Chain, Trends, Top Manufacturers, Development Trends, History and 6 Year Forecast. This Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring Market competitive landscapes provides details by topmost manufactures like (Armstrong Flooring, Decno Group, CFL Flooring, Zhejiang Oufei New Material, Zhengfu Plastic, Zhejiang GIMIG Technology, Chenxing Group, Hiking Group, Shanghai 3C Industrial, Changzhou Aipu Decorative Materials, Changzhou Lingdian, NewBetter Building Materials, Tops Flooring, Yestrong, Jining Luxing Plates, MUCHSEE Wood, Jiangsu Zhengyoung Flooring) with data such as Company Profiles, Trade Sales Volume, Gross, Cost, Industry Share By Type, Product Revenue , Specifications and Contact Information. Besides, Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring industry report helps to analyse competitive developments such as Joint Ventures, Strategic Alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions, New Product Developments, Research and Developments.

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Target Audience of the Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring Market in This Study: Key Consulting Companies & Advisors, Large, medium-sized, and small enterprises, Venture capitalists, Value-Added Resellers (VARs), Manufacturers, Third-party knowledge providers, Equipment Suppliers/ Buyers, Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market Investors/Investment Bankers, Research Professionals, Emerging Companies, Service Providers.

Scope of Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring Market:SPC, which stands for Stone Plastic (or Polymer) Composite, features a core that is typically comprised of around 60% calcium carbonate (limestone), polyvinyl chloride and plasticizers. SPC Flooring, also known as Rigid Core Vinyl Flooring, is the newest generation of vinyl floors. Built with a stone plastic composite core, SPC Flooring is virtually indestructible and has a unique resilience that allows for a tremendous amount of versatility that no other category possesses. It is 100% waterproof, fire-resistant, radiant heat compatible, and scratch resistant, thus it can be installed in any room that is susceptible to moisture and temperature fluctuations.

Global Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market size will increase to xx Million US$ by 2025, from xx Million US$ in 2018, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. In this study, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring.

On the basis of product type, this report displays the shipments, revenue (Million USD), price, and market share and growth rate of each type.

DIY Installation Professional Installation

On the basis on the end users/applications,this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, shipments, revenue (Million USD), price, and market share and growth rate foreach application.

Commercial Use Residential Use

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Geographically, the report includes the research on production, consumption, revenue, Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market share and growth rate, and forecast (2020-2026) of the following regions:

Key Developments in the Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring Market:

To describe Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring Introduction, product type and application, market overview, market analysis by countries, Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market Opportunities, Market Risk, Market Driving Force;

To analyze the manufacturers of Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market , with Profile, Main Business, News, Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share in 2016 and 2020;

To display the competitive situation among the top manufacturers in Global, with sales, revenue and Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market share in 2016 and 2020;

To analyze the key countries by manufacturers, Type and Application, covering North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle-East and South America, with sales, revenue and Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market share by manufacturers, types and applications;

To analyze the Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market Manufacturing Cost, Key Raw Materials and Manufacturing Process etc.

To analyze the Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream End Users (buyers);

To describe Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market sales Channel, Distributors, Traders, Dealers etc.

To describe Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring market Research Findings and Conclusion, Appendix, Methodology and Data Source.

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Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) Flooring Market Expand Their Businesses With New Investments In 2020 And Returning Future - Latest Herald