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What is meant by an Electrical Installation ?

An electrical installation can be simply described as a system consisting of electrical components such as conductors and switchgear to work electrical equipment to fulfill a specific purpose, safely.

Examples for electrical installations are numerous around you.

The Electrical system of your house, the plant room of a swimming pool, a factory with few or many electrical equipment, a workshop with machinery, the services of a multi storied building consisting of Electrical equipment- all these can be cited for electrical installations.

The root of generating Electricity for various requirements of the mankind today is numerous. Major methods of Electrical Power Generation are Thermal, Hydropower, Nuclear ,Solar and Wind Power.

The generated power is distributed through an Electrical Distribution system.

The Power Utility Companies or government Power Utility Institutes take the responsibility of bringing the Electrical Power to the Consumer.A Consumer can be a large Production Industry or a basic Home of a person.

The Consumers requirements vary greatly according to his electrical power requirements or the useage of Electricity.

Electrical Installations are needed for the Consumer to use Electricity for his requirements such as Lighting, Heating and Air Conditioning , running all types of Electrical Equipment , to name a few.

All of us at one time or another, needs the services of Electrical Installers to attend to either new installation work or to maintain existing electrical installations.

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Electrolesk's Practical Electrical Installation Guide,DIY ...

If you are looking for pictures of temporary electrical installations, they can be found at another post, Temporary electrical installation picturesandTemporary lighting installation pictures.What you will find below are mostly on permanent installations. Picture 1 Conduit and trunking

The above picture shows how the electrical conduit and trunking installation should be coordinated with water pipes.

Trade subcontractors (water piping sub-contractors, electrical sub-contractors, telephone cabling contractor, computer network contractor, etc) must not be allowed to proceed with the installation of their individual services and equipment on the first come, first served basis.

=== RELATED POSTS:Pictures of electrical wiring|

About the author:http://www.linkedin.com/in/electricalengineerforhire ===================

Prior to the commencement of the installation works by trade sub-contractors, a set of proper coordinated drawings, endorsed by all relevant parties, should be made available to all the sub-contractors involved in a particular area.

Feedbacks from them should be heard because they are the ones who will be doing the works. Many times, what are nicely shown on approved drawings cannot be practically constructed at site.

You will find more pictures on this matter in Electrical conduit and trunking pictures.

Picture 2 Electrical grounding electrode and chamber

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Electrical Installation Wiring Pictures: Electrical ...

The following few pictures and diagrams show the connections of the 1-phase ELCB unit inside a house electrical panel. They are for readers who wish to understand how the electric shock protection devise is connected to their house electrical wiring.

The leakage current (or leakage voltage) usually occurs when there is a defect in a part of the installation, which can be caused by faulty components or by injuries to the insulation of the wiring, cables, electrical appliances or other accessories such as the switches and socket outlets.

When there is leaked current that exceeds the preset value of the ELCB setting, the ELCB then breaks the connection of the incoming electricity supply from the internal house wiring.

This is done automatically within a fraction of a second of the leakage being detected, before the magnitude of the leakage current reaches a level that can cause serious injuries or electrocution.

With a proper use of ELCB, the possibility of serious injuries due to electric shock to a person who accidentally come into contact with energized metal casing of an appliance is minimized.

B. ELCB circuit

An ELCB is not a simple component. Inside the casing of the ELCB unit you can see in Picture 2 above are a number of components. These components are assembled together and wired into a small electrical circuit with a dedicated purpose.

Diagram 3 below shows the internal circuit of a single phase ELCB. This type is one of the most commonly used type in house electrical panels.

However, before I go further, a few points need to be kept in mind throughout this article.

1. When it first came to be used, the ELCB was actually a voltage-operated device that was designed to detect a current leaking through the earth path of electrical equipment and appliances.

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Electrical Installation Wiring Pictures: 1-Phase ELCB ...

Barbed wire, also known as barb wire, less often bob wire[1][2] or, in the southeastern United States, bobbed wire[3]), is a type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strand(s). It is used to construct inexpensive fences and is used atop walls surrounding secured property. It is also a major feature of the fortifications in trench warfare (as a wire obstacle).

A person or animal trying to pass through or over barbed wire will suffer discomfort and possibly injury. Barbed wire fencing requires only fence posts, wire, and fixing devices such as staples. It is simple to construct and quick to erect, even by an unskilled person.

The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is regarded as the inventor.[4][5]Joseph F. Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, received a patent for the modern invention in 1874 after he made his own modifications to previous versions.

Barbed wire was the first wire technology capable of restraining cattle. Wire fences were cheaper and easier to erect than their alternatives. (One such alternative was Osage orange, a thorny bush which was time-consuming to transplant and grow. The Osage orange later became a supplier of the wood used in making barb wire fence posts.[6]) When wire fences became widely available in the United States in the late 19th century, they made it affordable to fence much larger areas than before. They made intensive animal husbandry practical on a much larger scale.

An example of the costs of fencing with lumber immediately prior to the invention of barbed wire can be found with the first farmers in the Fresno, California area, who spent nearly $4000 (over $75,000 in present-day dollars) to have wood for fencing delivered and erected to protect 2500 acres of wheat crop from free-ranging livestock in 1872.[7]

Fencing consisting of flat and thin wire was first proposed in France, by Leonce Eugene Grassin-Baledans in 1860. His design consisted of bristling points, creating a fence that was painful to cross. In April 1865 Louis Franois Janin proposed a double wire with diamond-shaped metal barbs; he was granted a patent. Michael Kelly from New York had a similar idea, and proposed that the fencing should be used specifically for deterring animals.[8]

More patents followed, and in 1867 alone there were six patents issued for barbed wire. Only two of them addressed livestock deterrence, one of which was from American Lucien B. Smith of Ohio.[9] Before 1870, westward movement in the USA was largely across the plains with little or no settlement occurring. After the American Civil War the plains were extensively settled, consolidating America's dominance over them.[10]

Ranchers moved out on the plains, and needed to fence their land in against encroaching farmers and other ranchers. The railroads throughout the growing West needed to keep livestock off their tracks, and farmers needed to keep stray cattle from trampling their crops.[11] Traditional fence materials used in the Eastern U.S., like wood and stone, were expensive to use in the large open spaces of the plains, and hedging was not reliable in the rocky, clay-based and rain-starved dusty soils. A cost-effective alternative was needed to make cattle operations profitable.[12]

The "Big Four" in barbed wire were Joseph Glidden, Jacob Haish, Charles Francis Washburn, and Isaac L. Ellwood.[13] Glidden, a farmer in 1873 and the first of the "Big Four," is often credited for designing a successful sturdy barbed wire product, but he let others popularize it for him. Glidden's idea came from a display at a fair in DeKalb, Illinois in 1873, by Henry B. Rose. Rose had patented "The Wooden Strip with Metallic Points" in May 1873.[14]

This was simply a wooden block with wire protrusions designed to keep cows from breaching the fence. That day, Glidden was accompanied by two other men, Isaac L. Ellwood, a hardware dealer and Jacob Haish, a lumber merchant. Like Glidden, they both wanted to create a more durable wire fence with fixed barbs. Glidden experimented with a grindstone to twist two wires together to hold the barbs on the wire in place. They were created from experiments with a coffee mill from his home.[14]

Continued here:
Barbed wire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Streetcar construction was taken to new heights as the crews completed the first stretch of wiring that will power the streetcar.

The first sections of overhead contact system, or OCS, go along Elm Street from 12th Street to Henry Street.

Watch this story

The wire carries a 750 volt DC. The wires hang about 20 feet off the ground but project executive John Deatrick still wants people to be on guard.

The line carries a strong electric current and Deatrick said you should always assume it's live.

That's why there's a city permit that you have to get if you're going to work around that wire, said Deatrik.

Along with the city permit for anyone doing construction or utility work near the wire, a metro permit will also have to be secured. Anyone seeking those permits will also be required to go through safety training.

Rhinegeist Brewery is along the streetcar route. People working there were excited to see the wires when they got in to work on Wednesday.

I moved here back in August when they were tearing apart the pavement to put in the tracks. And now that the lines are coming up it's pretty cool to see that this is actually progressing. And before you know it we're going to have a stop right in front of the brewery, so that's pretty fun to see, said Luis Gallardo.

The streetcar is expected to be up and running by September 2016.

Read more:
Crews install first stretch of streetcar wires along Elm Street

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