Home Builder Developer - Interior Renovation and Design

If window glass is broken, cracked, or chipped, its time to replace it. Window glass replacement cost depends on the type of glass, size, features, tint, and manufacturer. If the windows are older but the frame is in good shape, replacing the old glass with updated window glass can lower energy costs, increase the value of the home, add UV protection, and reduce noise pollution. According to HomeAdvisor, window glass replacement cost ranges from $180 to $406, with many homeowners spending approximately $276. Depending on the type of window, some glass replacements can cost as little as $100 or as much as $700. Many window professionals charge between $50 and $75 per hour to replace window glass, although the labor cost to install windows can increase if repairs need to be made or the glass replacement is complicated, with multiple glass panes. The cost to replace windows ultimately depends on the type and size of the window, the type of glass, the number of panes, the location of the window, and any special coating. The more customized the window and the glass, the more the cost of replacing windows will increase.

To find accurate window glass replacement costs, homeowners are advised to search online for reputable window replacement companies in their area. Local companies may have a window replacement cost estimator that will offer a rough calculation of pricing, and they can supply precise window replacement quotes when a homeowner decides on window glass replacement. Even homeowners who pay for window cleaning and other maintenance may discover chipped, cracked, or broken window glass in their home. This guide will cover some important factors that affect window glass replacement cost, additional costs and considerations, types of window glass, red flags that signal its time to replace a window, and some frequently asked questions regarding glass window prices.

How much does it cost to replace windows in a home? That depends on several factors. Window installation cost can vary from the national average of $276 due to glass type, window type, window size, manufacturer brand, and local labor prices.

The average cost to replace windows can fluctuate due to the specific type of glass used in the window. Some types of glass can range from $10 to $100 per square foot, but window glass replacement prices typically run from $3 to $12 per square foot on average, with double-pane glass ranging from $6 to $12 per square foot. Some of the most common types of glass are single pane, double pane, triple pane, low-e (low-emissivity), gas-filled, laminated, tempered, and frosted. Each of these glass types is discussed below.

There are typically various types of windows throughout a home, and the style chosen will affect the overall price of window glass replacement. While beneficial double-pane windows are common in most houses, the cost of replacing double-pane windows is considerably more than for single-pane windows. Depending on the type of window, a window professional may need to dismantle the window frame to replace the glass, which will result in higher labor costs. Below are some of the most common window types and their average window glass replacement cost.

Window size is an important factor in determining window glass replacement cost. To measure the window size, homeowners can multiply the width by the height. Typically, the bigger the window, the more expensive it will be to replace the glass. Another important factor when calculating glass replacement cost is the thickness of the glass. Windowpanes can range from inch thick to a full inch thick. If a homeowner wants to change the thickness of the glass pane, the frame will need to be replaced, since specific glass thicknesses require certain frames. Replacing a window frame can run from $200 to $600 depending on the type of window.

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Window glass replacement cost will vary by window brand. Homeowners will need to keep in mind that some manufacturers require that the sash is replaced at the same time as the glass to keep the warranty valid. Additionally, replacing the glass without also replacing the window sash can cause leaks at the glazing point, regardless of the brand chosen. Below are common window brands and the average price to replace double-pane glass.

Most window professionals or glaziers charge approximately $50 to $75 per hour for window glass replacement. It takes about 45 to 60 minutes to replace a pane of glass, so if the window glass replacement project involves multiple panes or complex fittings, the cost of labor can increase significantly. The process involves removing the old glass pane, installing the new one, and sealing the glass in the frame.

When homeowners are budgeting to replace glass in a window, its helpful to have all the information regarding any additional costs and considerations that will affect the price of the project. These can include the cost differences between glass replacement and glass repair, glass replacement versus a whole window replacement, door window glass replacement, window reglazing, and any additional customizations.

Including labor, the cost to replace window glass can run from $300 to $880, while the cost to repair the glass pane can cost between $100 to $500. If the glass has a crack smaller than an inch, it can be repaired by mixing a resin and a hardener and applying it to the crack. The excess resin should be removed, and the glass pane should cure for 24 hours before it is cleaned. If the crack is larger than an inch, its recommended that the entire pane be replaced.

A glass pane can be replaced if the frame is in good shape but the glass is cracked or broken. Some manufacturers warranty the replacement only if the sash is replaced at the same time. If the window frame is old and would benefit from being replaced, the extra expense is generally worth it due to the increased energy efficiency and utility bill savings. The cost of new windows for a house averages $750 per window.

The style and size of a door window are the factors that affect door window glass replacement cost. Replacing window glass panes in a door can cost as little as $100 for a front door and as much as $5,500 for a sliding glass door, with the price fluctuating due to the frame structure, type of glass, complexity of the replacement, and door usage. Some homeowners decide to replace the entire door instead of just the glass, since the prices can sometimes be comparable. Below are the average costs for several common door window glass replacement types.

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Window reglazing costs from $250 to $500 per window for labor and materials. The process involves removing the old putty around the windowpane and applying new putty for an airtight seal around the glass. If the frame and window are in good condition and the putty is deteriorating, reglazing is an energy-efficient and lower-cost option compared to putting in new windows. Window reglazing can improve the strength and insulation of a window.

Any additional add-ons to the window glass replacement costs such as window frame replacement, window tinting, window seal replacement, or window films will increase the cost of the project. Below are the costs of some of the most common customizations and add-ons that homeowners may want during window glass replacement.

Window glass replacement typically costs from $3 to $12 per square foot, depending on glass type. If specialty glass needs to be custom ordered, the pricing can increase significantly. Double- and triple-pane glass is typically more expensive due to the gases between the windowpanes. Below are some of the most common types of window glass and the cost to replace them.

Single-pane window glass replacement can cost from $150 to $400. Single-pane windows dont provide as much insulation against temperature fluctuations or noise pollution and are commonly found in older homes.

Double-pane window glass replacement ranges from $150 to $600, depending on window type, size, frame material, and glass thickness. With their double layer of glazing, double-pane windows are the standard style in many homes. These windows increase energy efficiency by reducing thermal loss.

Triple-pane window glass replacement runs from $400 to $950, depending on glass quality and brand. Also known as thermopane, triple-pane glass is the most energy efficient, with three layers of glazing. Homeowners who live in extreme climates will often choose triple-pane glass for increased insulation against the elements.

Low-emissivity glass costs between $350 and $840 for replacement. The layer of metallic oxide coating reduces UV rays passing through the window by 99 percent and can diminish energy loss by 30 percent to 50 percent.

Argon gas is typically used in windows that have more than a -inch distance between glass panes. For double- or triple-pane windows that are filled with argon gas, glass replacement can cost from $375 to $850.

Krypton gas is used in double- or triple-pane windows that have a space of less than inch between panes. Replacing krypton gas-filled glass panes ranges from $525 and $1,190. Since krypton gas is denser than argon gas, it insulates better and provides increased energy efficiency.

The cost to replace laminated glass is $275 to $625. Produced by bonding layers of glass with resin, laminated glass is about five times stronger than standard glass. It can reduce noise pollution and withstand breakage from a thrown toy, rock, or wind-blown projectile.

Tempered glass replacement runs from $180 to $700, depending on window type and size. This type of glass is a safety glass that shatters into rounded pieces to reduce the chance of injury. Tempered glass is four times stronger than untreated glass and is used to comply with specific safety standards or building codes.

Frosted glass is commonly used to let light in but prevent passersby from looking into a home. The cost to replace frosted window glass panes is $350 to $800.

If the window frame is in good shape but the glass is damaged, its a good candidate for window glass replacement. When homeowners notice a cracked or chipped windowpane, moisture or condensation between the glass panes, increased energy bills, or cold window glass during the winter months, or if they have regulations they need to follow regarding historic windows, window glass replacement may be the best option.

If a windowpane is cracked, the only way to fix it is to replace the glass. Replacing the window glass can prevent breakage and injury while continuing to keep the window energy efficient.

If theres condensation between a double- or triple-pane window, that means the seal is broken. Moisture is getting between the windowpanes, and it can freeze or frost over in cold weather. This can cause outside air to get inside and drive up the cost of the heating and cooling bill. To ensure energy efficiency and have a tight seal around the windowpanes, a window glass replacement is necessary.

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Replacing old, leaky windows with energy-efficient window glass that has a tight seal can lower energy bills by 10 percent to 30 percent. New window glass can prevent thermal heat transfer and air leaks and keep a home comfortable year-round.

If double- or triple-pane windows are cold to the touch, that means the layer of gas between the windowpanes has escaped and the glass is no longer insulated. Replacing the panes and the gas will ensure proper insulation and a consistent temperature inside the home.

Historic homes have specific guidelines when it comes to windows. To preserve the original look of the building, the windows need to match the historical architecture. If the window frame is still in good condition but the glass is cracked or broken, window glass replacement is the best option, since replacing windows in an old house can be an expensive project that is complicated by historic preservation ordinances.

For a DIY replacement project, homeowners with window glass replacement experience can expect to pay between $100 and $630 for the windowpane and another $100 to $200 for supplies. Supplies can include glazing tools, glazing removal tools, pliers, heat gun, gloves, and glass cutting tools. However, the average homeowner likely wont have the skills and tools necessary to complete this as a DIY project.

Since window glass replacement can be tricky, many homeowners opt to hire a professional glazier for the job. A professional has the experience to install the new window glass correctly, making sure the new window is sealed and properly placed. Depending on the window glass manufacturer, the warranty may be valid only if the glass is installed by a window professional, which makes it even more important to check the fine print and lean toward hiring a professional. To ensure the proper seal and fit, and to avoid cracks and chips, a window professional is usually the best option for a window glass replacement project.

The cost to replace window glass can quickly add up and strain a home improvement budget. One way to save is to use the cheapest window glass, but there are other ways to stay within a budget without compromising on quality.

Talking to a window glass professional and asking the right questions can help minimize miscommunication and get the best results. The following are some questions to ask before starting the project.

Before deciding on window glass replacement, homeowners will want to have all the information they need regarding the cost. Below are several frequently asked questions for homeowners to consider before starting the project.

To have a proper airtight seal, replacing both panes in a double-pane window is recommended. Both glass panes should be replaced at the same time to ensure effective insulation and a tight seal.

Its possible to fix a crack in a window without replacing it, but its considered a temporary fix before the glass pane will need to be replaced. There are glass repair kits that even beginner DIY-ers can use successfully. The glass needs to be cleaned before the epoxy hardener and resin that come with the repair kit are mixed together. The mixture will need to be applied to the crack and left to dry thoroughly. A sharp blade will remove any excess mixture, and the glass can be cleaned and polished with a microfiber cloth.

An insulated gas unit, or IGU, is two panes of glass with argon or krypton gas in between with an airtight seal. The gas acts as an insulator and reduces the amount of heat transfer.

If the window frame is in good condition and the glass is chipped, cracked, or broken, the windowpane can be replaced. If there are issues with the entire window, a full window replacement may be the best option.

A double glazing unit (DGU) is the same as an insulated gas unit (IGU). Both types utilize multiple panes of glass with gas in between for increased insulation.

Its more budget-friendly to replace the glass instead of the entire window.

Sources: HomeAdvisor, Fixr, HomeGuide

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A Piet Mondrian painting has been hanging upside-down for decades, art historian says - CNN

Is it time to replace your kitchen drawers? If you are looking for replacement kitchen drawers, take a look at our extensive selection of quality hand-made drawer fronts. Replacing your drawer fronts (sometimes called a drawer face) can save you money by using the existing cabinet drawer box.

Browse our extensive collection of custom made fronts in a variety of high-quality wood species and styles including inset, solid, and raised panel drawer fronts. Match these designs to one of our custom cabinet doors for a perfect style combination.

Our high-quality replacement cabinet drawer fronts can be used to replace any type of drawer. Whether you're looking to replace the drawers in your kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanity, dresser or nightstand, we have you covered. We carry the widest selection of replacement drawer options on the internet.

Youll find that custom, handcrafted drawer fronts are a great and affordable way to update your kitchen or bathroom. All replacement drawer fronts are custom made in the USA and come pre-sanded, ready to be painted or stained. Listed prices are per square foot. Input your size and select your material type to get a final price for your selection. If you need any help, our in-house cabinet experts are waiting to help walk you through our easy ordering process.

If you're ready to replace your cabinets, consider simply replacing your kitchen cabinet doors and drawer fronts instead. Save time, money and the headache of that full, unnecessary remodel.

More about replacement drawer front types:Unfinished Wood Drawers - Wood fronts are constructed of a solid wood frame, and either a solid or plywood panel. Wood drawers can be refinished, and minor damage is easier to repair.

Thermofoil Drawers- Thermofoil fronts are comprised of a durable vinyl laminated on Medium Density Fiberboard. Thermofoil fronts stand up well to high humidity and regular cleaning.

Painted Drawer Fronts - A beautiful prepainted grey or white cabinet drawer front will be delivered to your doorstep.

Take a look at our FAQ for more information on doors, drawers, hardware, and installation.

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Appliances are integral to an enjoyable kitchen, whether you love or just appreciate having modern conveniences. When your kitchen appliance can't keep up with the work, whether due to inefficient performance or part damage, it can be frustrating.

Mr. Appliance is here to repair any broken appliance in your kitchen and restore comfort and convenience! Need help now?

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As the leading home appliance repair franchise in all of North America, we have been restoring functionality to our customers kitchens since 1996. We deliver quick, efficient, and effective services at all of ourlocations.

There is never a convenient time to deal with a broken refrigerator. If you notice excessive frost build-up, a leaky hose, or another problem - call Mr. Appliance.

A well-functioning freezer is vital for keeping food fresh. From damaged door seals to inconsistent temperatures, we handle it all.

When your dishes are consistently cloudy or still dirty after a cycle, you may need dishwasher repair or service. We can help prevent ineffective wash cycles and damaging leaks!

Issues with these appliances can include burners that are not turning on, failure to heat to the right temperature, and a damaged self-cleaning function. Notice any issues? Schedule an appointment.

Common issues associated with ice makers or machines are clogged water filters and slow cube production. Mr. Appliance pros can fix those issues and other ice maker problems.

Typical garbage disposal issues include jams and clogged drains. Avoid potential injuries by leaving the repairs to the professionals!

Problems you might experience with your microwave oven include sparks inside the microwave and a damaged turntable. Our technicians can fix that for you!

Incorrect range hood configuration and size may lead to issues. If you notice poor kitchen exhaust fan performance or strange noises coming from the vent hood fan motor, give us a call.

If your wine cooler doesn't keep wine bottles at precisely the right temperature, it can dampen your wine drinking experience. Prevent this with proper maintenance.

Common issues with trash compactors include overfilling, a jammed door or drawer, and trapped food particles. Avoid odors and more damage by having your trash compactor repaired today.

We can fix your outdoor kitchen problems by repairing and maintaining your grill, dishwasher, refrigerator, or any other outdoor appliance you have!

Have another kitchen appliance that needs repair services? Give us a call orschedule online for prompt, professional repairs from our technicians.

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Putting up walls can be a good thing. That is, if youre talking about retaining wall ideas in your landscape design. At the basic level, a retaining wall is a structure that holds or retains soil behind it, explains Joe Raboine, director of Belgard Residential Hardscapes, an outdoor hardscapes company. Though retaining walls are most commonly used to create a functional area out of a sloped terrain, they do serve other functions.

You might think that retaining wall ideas are all about functionafter all, retaining walls prevent soil erosion and reduce the risk of floodingbut they are not all utility; these structures can enhance an outdoor space by creating levels, evening out a hillside, and even using pavers to produce a pathway. They can also be used to create topographic interest or create smaller features, such as raised garden beds, says Collin Koonce, director of landscape architecture and urban planning at BKV Group, a holistic architectural design firm, based in Washington, D.C. These builds can even double as seats or corral all your backyard greenery in a neat landscape.

Aesthetically, a retaining wall can turn an unworkable incline on the land into usable, uniformed surfaces, notes Mauricio Lobeira, Monterrey, Mexico-based architect, interior designer and cofounder of Ten Plus Three. Many retaining walls end up as garden or terrace backdrops, he adds.

Whats more, creating a retaining wall can boost the value of your house. Flatter and uniformed surfaces are more expensive than steep ones, Lobeira says. Steep surfaces almost always have to have some sort of intervention in one way or another. Retaining wall materials including concrete blocks, bricks, wall stones, railroad ties, or treated timbersallowing for plenty of hardscaping options that suit your house. Here, 40 creative retaining wall ideas that are a step above the rest.

Layered flora adds natural texture to soften the stone.

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Your bedroom is the place you go to relax and escape everyday life. When designed correctly, bedrooms are soothing sanctuaries full of cozy bedding and peaceful decor that make you feel both happy and calm. As you browse bedroom furniture ideas and wall decor inspiration, make sure to save them to an ideabook and make notes on any bedroom designs and themes that make you feel at home! The fact that bedrooms are personal spaces often shared with another person makes decorating tricky. One crucial tip to keep in mind as you consider bedroom ideas is to forego popular trends or styles in favor of what makes you happy. If there arent any significant bedroom remodeling changes, determining your furniture layout is the first (and biggest) decision you will need to make. Once you've settled on a bedroom layout, take the time to select colors and decor that reflect your personality, but also take into consideration the serene nature of a bedroom. If adding new decorations and furniture isn't enough of an aesthetic change, you can turn your bedroom makeover into a full blown remodel by creating your own master bedroom suite, complete with a sitting room and master bathroom. How do I pick bedroom colors and decorating ideas? Although your bedroom color scheme is often a personal opinion, there are some paint colors that are more relaxing and better suited for your sleeping area. Studies have found that people with blue bedrooms often get more sleep because of the calmness it elicits. Brighter colors may lead to a better mood, but they also might keep you up longer at night. If you have a significant other with opposing tastes, consider master bedroom colors falling within the neutral range such as variations of green, gray or brown to keep everyone happy. Sharing many bedroom pictures that youve saved to your ideabook can be a great way to help your significant other get a sense of your bedroom remodeling ideas. If youre looking for feng shui bedroom design ideas, then consider that its recommended you use warm earthy colors to create a welcoming environment, or softer blues and greens to create a tranquil ambiance. Bright colors, such as fuchsia and orange, are too stimulating in huge blocks, so use them as accents around the room to brighten up the space and provide hints of passion, an important part of a romantic bedroom. When it comes to bedroom decorating ideas, your options are endless. When nailing down your bedroom design, its helpful to start by tackling the more permanent things, like furniture. Artwork and photographs that put you at ease are a great addition (although some advise against having family photos around, as they can hinder that sexy bedroom vibe), and mirrors are a must-have if you use the space for dressing. When considering bedroom ideas, bedding is always important your duvet and decorative pillows should play nicely with the paint color and bedroom wall decor, but can also be swapped out easily, which makes it easy to incorporate an interesting print or texture. Lastly, add some accessories to style your nightstand or dresser; just be careful not to go overboard too many knickknacks can make your room feel cluttered and disorganized, which can actually cause sleep trouble. If you keep these bedroom decorating ideas and color considerations in mind you should be well on your way to creating the perfect bedroom design. How do I determine my bedroom layout? By the time you add dressers, nightstands, armoires and a bed, your sleeping space can easily get cramped this is why figuring out the proper layout is essential to achieving the ideal bedroom design. The ultimate goal is to create a room that provides enough storage, yet still has enough space to move around. Before you buy a new furniture set, be sure to consider the bedroom size. Even though you might need three dressers and two nightstands in your bedroom, you might not have the space for them. Measure the furniture and visualize or tape out where it will go so you can judge what will actually fit. Be sure to leave plenty of walking space, and double check that drawers and cabinets have enough room to open properly. When picking a spot for your bed, consider all the windows and doors. Placing a bed underneath a window or close to the door can be a bad idea, especially for light sleepers, as even the smallest crack of light can cause sleep disturbance. When it comes to feng shui bedrooms, a free-flowing layout is crucial. The ideal placement for your bed is as far away from the door as possible, but still in a position that lets you see the entrance; usually, the corner diagonally across from the door is the best spot. Try and avoid having your head under a window due to the ebb and flow of energy going in and out; this causes disturbed and interrupted sleep. Do not position your bed so as to have your feet point out the door while youre sleeping; this is called the Death Position as the deceased are carried out feet first, and sleeping this way is said to drain your life force. How can I create a master bedroom suite? For those looking for a master bedroom ideas to create an oasis, consider adding a sitting room, master bathroom and walk-in closet. Create your own personal reading nook by adding a relaxing chaise lounge or sofa. In your master bedroom suite you can even have a fireplace, wet bar or coffee bar for cold winter nights and chilly mornings. Finally, ensure you get time in the bathroom every morning by installing one just for you. You can add a relaxing bathtub and makeup vanity for a complete getaway from it all, and also incorporate a good-sized closet in your master bedroom design. Browse more popular ideas on Houzz or check out our promo and coupon codes to get great deals on bedroom furniture and decor!

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75 Bedroom Ideas You'll Love - October, 2022 | Houzz

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if(theVolume > 0.0 || cssVolume > 0){ $('#media-container-' + playerState.ORIGINAL_ID + ' .mute-overlay').css('display', 'none'); }else{ $('#media-container-' + playerState.ORIGINAL_ID + ' .mute-overlay').css('display', 'block'); } }); WVM.reinitRawEvents(playerState.ORIGINAL_ID); setInterval(function(){ WVM.reinitRawEvents(playerState.ORIGINAL_ID); }, 2000); } if(!WVM.rawCompleteEvent){ WVM.rawCompleteEvent = function(e){ var playerState = WVM['player_state197908']; console.log("firing raw event due to all other events failing"); var currId = playerState.VIDEO_ID; var newMediaId = WVM.getNextPlaylistIndex(currId); //if(playerSettings.autoplay_next && newMediaId){ if(newMediaId){ WVM.load_video(newMediaId, true, playerState.ORIGINAL_ID); } }; } if(!WVM.rawTimeupdateEvent){ WVM.rawTimeupdateEvent = function(e){ var playerState = WVM['player_state197908']; var rawVideoElem = document.getElementById('html5-video-' + playerState['ORIGINAL_ID'] + '_html5_api'); var fullCurrent = rawVideoElem.currentTime * 1000; 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//TIME UPDATE EVENT if( WVM['player_state' + playerId].TIMEUPDATE_EVENT){ rawVideoElem.removeEventListener('ended', WVM.rawTimeupdateEvent, false); } rawVideoElem.addEventListener('ended', WVM.rawTimeupdateEvent, false); WVM['player_state' + playerId].COMPLETE_EVENT = true; WVM['player_state' + playerId].TIMEUPDATE_EVENT = true; };

MILWAUKEE (CBS 58) -- As the fall season continues and winter approaches, many people may be looking to do some house remodeling. There's an event this weekend that aims to help those folks out.

The NARI Milwaukee Home and Remodeling Show at the Wisconsin State Fair Expo Center will be taking place from Friday, Oct. 14 through Sunday, Oct. 16.

David Hoffman with Highpoint Design Build Group joined us on Tuesday, Oct. 11 to discuss basement remodeling. It is among the many topics that businesses will be discussing at the NARI Show.

More information can be found by clicking here, including a full schedule of events and a method to buy tickets online.

Home Remodeling Suggestions from AB&K Bath and Kitchen in Greenfield. AB&K is one of the 100 vendors onsite at this weekend's home show:

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Talk home remodeling with experts at a Milwaukee-area event this weekend - WDJT

Trinity Lutheran Church in Shelton, with its spire rising against the blue sky above the Housatonic River and its striking red entrance, was a familiar sight when I was growing up, so I was sad to read the headline, Wonderful memories: Shelton church closing doors after 123 years. You see, I had wonderful memories of my own.

Its sad it came to this point, longtime member Carol Del Sole told Shelton Herald reporter Brian Gioiele.

Her family joined the church 60 years ago when she was a young girl, and now there were only a dozen members left, who would be merging with Immanuel Lutheran Church in Oxford.

The pews were packed, she recalled. There were so many families, Sunday school, youth group, a childrens choir, Christmas fairs, mother-daughter days

There are many other wonderful memories she probably didnt know about. Every week for 45 years, men and women, including my father, went to a Shelton Alcoholics Anonymous meeting in the church basement, where its no exaggeration to say their lives were saved.

Countless people have their own wonderful memories of their path from drunkenness and despair to a sober life and their Higher Power.

My father went through those doors for the first time when he was 50 years old. It was where he got sober after decades of alcoholic drinking. He lived his last 25 years sober, which for a drunk is a monumental achievement one day at a time.

We were all sure his life was coming to a premature end after a lifetime of booze and a succession of debilitating health problems caused by drinking. In many ways, we were as sick as him because we suffered from the associated traumas brought about by family disputes and emotional abuse and stress. Sometimes Im still haunted by childhood memories of unprovoked insults and beatings.

He was a great guy until he picked up a drink. When he came home from work, he started hitting the Melrose or the Canadian Club, depending on what was on sale at the package store. Hed sit in his Barcalounger with a glass full of whiskey on one side and a 16-ounce can of Budweiser on the other.

Eventually, hed pass out, and we had to wake him up for dinner, a chore no one wanted because you never knew what kind of mood hed be in. He was a mean, miserable SOB when he was drunk.

When he finally hit bottom, we didnt expect him to live and we certainly didnt think he could ever stop drinking until a bunch of unassuming guys from the Shelton group started taking him to AA meetings.

They told him, You are not alone. (He may have found that thought comforting, but I was absolutely horrified to think there were others out there like him.)

In the months and years that followed, they pulled him out of his despair and saved him from a certain death sentence. Life got better a day at a time.

In later years, he would often say, AA didnt open up the gates of heaven to let me in, but it sure opened up the gates of hell to let me out.

My father became the coffee-maker for the Shelton group and eventually chaired the meeting. Until then, he didnt know how to boil water, but after that, hed get up every morning and put a pot of coffee on the stove for the rest of us.

He changed in other ways too, but most importantly, he became the good man he was always meant to be.

When his grandchildren visited, they would rush to see him still sitting in his Barcalounger and he always had a treat or trinket for them.

Instead of whiskey and beer, he had a cup of coffee, his AA Big Book and his Twenty-four Hours a Day devotional beside him. Those final years gave him an entirely new life. There was joy, there was hope, there was goodness.

They dont keep records in AA because its an anonymous program, and they dont give certificates or hold graduations because sobriety is a lifelong pursuit, so well never know how many thousands of lives were saved in that church basement.

However, Im certain a lot of men and women walked through those doors defeated and found something rare in our age called hope. They learned to live sober. They learned they have a Higher Power watching over them. They learned never to doubt the possibility of miracles.

You could say AA gave my father a second chance. I can only express heartfelt gratitude to the people at Trinity Lutheran who provided that space for so long, and I wish them well.

And Dad, wherever you are and I hope its the good place (Im sure its the good place) take it a day at a time even in eternity.

Former Stamford Advocate and Greenwich Time Editor Joe Pisani can be reached at joefpisani@yahoo.com.

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Joe Pisani (opinion): For 45 years, lives were saved in basement of CT church - Greenwich Time

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Blast from the Past / 1961: A newly remodeled room at the library - Lewiston Morning Tribune

MISSION, S.D. (AP) After her mother died when Rosalie Whirlwind Soldier was just four years old, she was put into a Native American boarding school in South Dakota and told her native Lakota language was devil's speak.

She recalls being locked in a basement at St. Francis Indian Mission School for weeks as punishment for breaking the schools strict rules. Her long braids were shorn in a deliberate effort to stamp out her cultural identify. And when she broke her leg in an accident, Whirlwind Soldier said she received shoddy care leaving her with pain and a limp that still hobbles her decades later.

I thought there was no God, just torture and hatred, Whirlwind Soldier testified during a Saturday event on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation led by U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, as the agency confronts the bitter legacy of a boarding school system that operated in the U.S. for more than a century.

Now 78 and still living on the reservation, Whirlwind Soldier said she was airing her horrific experiences in hopes of finally getting past them.

The only thing they didn't do was put us in (an oven) and gas us," she said, comparing the treatment of Native Americans in the U.S. in the 19th and 20th centuries to the Jewish Holocaust during World War II.

But I let it go," she later added. I'm going to make it."

Saturday's event was the third in Haaland's yearlong Road to Healing initiative for victims of abuse at government-backed boarding schools, after previous stops in Oklahoma and Michigan.

Starting with the Indian Civilization Act of 1819, the U.S. enacted laws and policies to establish and support the schools. The stated goal was to civilize Native Americans, Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians, but that was often carried out through abusive practices. Religious and private institutions that ran many of the schools received federal funding and were willing partners.

Most closed their doors long ago and none still exist to strip students of their identities. But some, including St. Francis, still function as schools albeit with drastically different missions that celebrate the cultural backgrounds of their Native students.

Former St. Francis student Ruby Left Hand Bull Sanchez traveled hundreds of miles from Denver to attend Saturday's meeting. She cried as she recalled almost being killed as a child when a nun stuffed lye soap down her throat in response to Sanchez praying in her native language.

I want the world to know, she said.

Accompanying Haaland was Wizipan Garriott, a Rosebud Sioux member and principal deputy assistant secretary for Indian affairs. Garriott described how boarding schools were part of a long history of injustices against his people that began with the widespread extermination of their main food source bison, also known as buffalo.

First they took our buffalo. Then our land was taken, then our children, and then our traditional form of religion, spiritual practices, he said. Its important to remember that we Lakota and other Indigenous people are still here. We can go through anything.

The first volume of an investigative report released by the Interior Department in May identified more than boarding 400 schools that the federal government supported beginning in the late 19th century and continuing well into the 1960s. It also found at least 500 children died at some of the schools, though that number is expected to increase dramatically as research continues.

The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition says it's tallied about 100 more schools not on the government list that were run by groups such as churches.

They all had the same missions, the same goals: Kill the Indian, save the man, said Lacey Kinnart, who works for the Minnesota-based coalition. For Native American children, Kinnart said the intention was to assimilate them and steal everything Indian out of them except their blood, make them despise who they are, their culture, and forget their language.

South Dakota had 31 of the schools including two on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation St. Francis and the Rosebud Agency Boarding and Day School.

The Rosebud Agency school, in Mission, operated through at least 1951 on a site now home to Sinte Gleska University, where Saturdays meeting happened.

All that remains of the boarding school is a gutted-out building that used to house the dining hall, according to tribal members. When the building caught fire about five years ago, former student Patti Romero, 73, said she and others were on hand to cheer its destruction.

No more worms in the chili, said Romero, who attended the school from ages 6 to 15 and said the food was sometimes infested.

A second report is pending in the investigation into the schools launched by Haaland, herself a Laguna Pueblo from New Mexico and the first Native American cabinet secretary. It will cover burial sites, the schools impact on Indigenous communities and also try to account for federal funds spent on the troubled program.

Congress is considering a bill to create a boarding school truth and healing commission," similar to one established in Canada in 2008. It would have a broader scope than the Interior Departments investigation into federally run boarding schools and subpoena power, if passed.

___

This story has been corrected to accurately refer to Rosalie Whirlwind Soldier.

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Native Americans recall torture, hatred at boarding schools - The Advocate