Carpetadds comfort and elegance to your home or business. Your choices are limitless: whether you want carpet so soft that you forgo socks or carpet thats easy to clean, McSwain Carpets & Floors can help you find the perfect option. Come to us forcarpet installationin theDayton and Cincinnatiareas.

Just about everyone loves carpet-you can tell by the wealth of options available. No matter the texture, weave, fiber, color, border accents, or design youre interested in, you can find a carpet to meet your preferences.

McSwain Carpets & Floors prioritizes our customers choices, so we offer a vast inventory that includes the latest designer trends as well as classic styles that appeal to everyone. Additionally, we offer quality choices that will stand the test of time, no matter how busy your home or business. Investing in one of these excellent carpets will save you money in the long run since your carpet will look great for many years.

You have a big decision ahead of you. Choosing a new carpet is no easy feat. To get started, take a look at the tabs below. Youll find helpful information to guide your choice and help you understand your own needs and what to look for. If you have questions, reach out to McSwain Carpets & Floors for more information.

If youd like to speak with us in person and see our collection, visit one of our three showrooms in the Tri-State area. You can find carpet options you love and see for yourself how they look and feel, an experience that will help you make an informed decision.

If youd like more information now, reach out to us-well be happy to help. Just call 513.771.1400 to speak with a representative. We hope to see you in our showroom soon, and we look forward to helping you find the perfect carpet.

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Carpet Installation | McSwain Carpets and Floors ...

CarpetPriceGuides.com is a consumer price guide specifically designed to help homeowners research and budget carpet prices for their home. The information weve gathered to determine the cost of carpet and installation is continually updated week by week and month by month from our own experience in the industry, leading online resources, flooring industry data and directly submitted prices from our customers. The result is current and accurate 2016 carpet pricing data. The listed costs are meant as a guide, for more accurate quotes for yourcarpet project go ahead and requestfree estimates from qualified local contractors in your area.

Below you will see quick links to carpet prices per square foot for best brands, retailers and construction quality. We also guide you through padding prices and carpet installation costs, plus the total cost you can expect to pay for buying and installing carpet. Finally we have homeowner submitted quotes to give you a clear idea of prices in your area.

Quick Links: Brands | Retailers | Quality | Padding | Installation | Total Cost | Visitor Estimates

Whether you decide to buy from one of the big box stores, from your local carpet store, or shop online for discount carpet deals and prices, you will come across the same big brands time after time. The price list below looks at the prices from the top carpet brands across the range of their products. You will see average recommended retail prices as well as wholesale prices that you can find online.

Leading Carpet Brands

Good

Better

Best

Wholesale

$3 to $5

$1 to $3

$4.55 to $5

$1.25 to $3

$7.25 to $14

$0.80 to $10

$6 to $9

$1.45 to $6

$6.55 to $9.55

$2 to $6

$5.65 to $8

$1.85 to $4.40

$2 to $6

$2.75 to $8

$3 to $20

$3 to $20

$4 to $15

Note: wholesale carpet prices are very attractive, but often only available online, requiring the customer to buy more or less sight unseen (apart from swatches or samples). The customer will also be responsible for sourcing and paying for local qualified carpet installers (see below).

Many consumers start their search for a new carpet at one of the recognized big home improvement or flooring stores. Companies like Empire, Costco and Luna dont advertise their carpet pricing, requiring customers to receive a free in home inspection and estimate. Lowes and Home Depot, however, do provide carpeting prices and in the table below we look at their average prices across a range of carpets.

Carpet Style

Home Depot Prices

Lowes Prices

Good

Better

Best

Good

Better

Best

$4.55 $7.55

$3.60 $5

$3.60 $6

$3 $4.50

$3 $5

$2.40 $3.60

$3.25 $4.80

$3.25 $4.80

Please note: All the big name stores offer carpet installation on their products and many of the offers look mouth-watering at first glance. Please be aware that the apparent low cost of basic installation wont cover a large range of factors. Removal and disposal of old flooring, sub-floor preparation, new tack stripes, stairs and complicated floor plans can all add to your final installation bill.

Q: What does cut pile carpet mean?A: Cut pile carpet is carpeting made by looping yarn through a backing and then cutting the outer edge of the loops to a uniform height. Plush is another name for cut-pile carpet.

Q: What is frieze carpeting?A: A frieze carpet, also called shag carpet, is one made by adhering twisted carpet loops to a backing in loose manner, so that the fibers flop over, giving the flooring the advantage of not showing footprints or vacuum marks.

The prices below look at average carpet price per square foot across all ranges of styles taking into account the quality of construction, durability and materials used.

Good: $1.00 $5.00 sqft

Better: $4 $8.50 sqft

Best: $7.60 $17+ sqft

Suitable Low Traffic Areas

Prone to Wear and Tear

Rougher Surface Feel

Olefin and Polyester Based

Some Nylon

Wholesale/Online Prices

Suitable for Medium Traffic Areas Strong Durability

Soft and Comfortable Feel

Mainly Nylon Based Some Wool

Typical Carpet Store Prices

Suitable for High Traffic Areas Excellent Durability

Luxury Feel

Mainly Wool Based Some Nylon

High End Carpet Retailers

Theres no doubt you get what you pay for when it comes to carpet quality. What your carpet is made from will go a long way to predicting how long it will last and how luxurious the feel. That said it can make sense to buy cheap carpet for low traffic areas like a home office, where an olefin based carpet could be ideal, and splash out on an expensive wool carpet for your master bedroom.

Homeowners must factor in the cost of carpet padding (or cushion) when installing new carpet. The right grade of carpet padding is essential if you want to get the most out of your carpet in terms of comfort and durability. And its not just a case of choosing between a cheap carpet pad and a more expensive one. Different pads will be specifically designed and better suited to a certain type of carpet. Most padding is made of foam or rubber but within those categories are many sub-categories including high-density foam, urethane foam, memory foam, slab rubber, waffle rubber and more! You should check the carpet manufactures recommendations to determine the right pad to use.

Average carpet padding costs range between $0.25 and $1.10. Factors that can affect carpet padding prices include thickness and density of your pad, anti-bacterial protection and moisture barriers. Popular brands that you can expect to see down at your local DIY warehouse include ScotchGard, Future Foam and TrafficMaster and the big carpet manufactures like Mohawk and Shaw also sell their own brand of carpet pad.

When it comes to calculating the cost of installing carpet your location becomes the crucial factor. Prices are set by local private contractors based on supply and demand. The lower the demand the likelier you will be able to find cheaper carpet installation.

The cost to install carpet will also vary depending on the complexity of the job. The price table below shows low to high prices across a range of cities and states, for definitive carpet prices installed in your area you should look to get written estimates from up to three qualified local carpet contractors. Learn More about Installation Costs.

Average Cost of Carpet Installation Per Square Foot by Location:

Location

Low

High

Please note that the cost to install carpet on stairs is usually priced separately and by the step. A standard staircase of 16 steps would cost anywhere between $64 and $220 depending on the type and complexity of the stair installation.

Working from the data above and our experience in the industry we can extrapolate approximate costs for a complete carpet project from start to finish.

The following table takes a 1000 sq/ft project as a baseline and does not include extras that might factor into the final cost, like the disposal of old carpet, carpet stair installation or unforeseen extra preparation of the sub floor. It does include delivery costs, padding, surplus carpet to cover waste and future repairs, work equipment and supplies. Good, Better, Best refers to quality of carpet from a non-discounted retailer.

Cost of 1000 SQ/FT New Carpet Installed

Good

Better

Best

The carpet prices above reflect an accurate analysis of average carpet cost across the US, but it is just thata guide. We love to hear specific quotes and final prices from our visitors because they are the best source of exact pricing in your local area. When you provide information on your project costs we delete any and all personally identifying details to assure complete anonymity.

We sure would love to hear from you with your experience of buying and installing new carpet. Please click here to complete the short pricing detail questionnaire. We never share any personal information and will add your carpet price estimate to the ones below. Thank you in advance.

Cost

Flooring Brand and Type

City, State

Project Size

Weve been receiving some questions from our readers and have decided to share them (and our answers) here on the site. So please, if you have a question youd like answered please drop us a line and well answer it here or in the relevant section of our site.

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Carpet Price Guides | Compare Prices and Installation Costs

Home Remodel Cost Calculator estimates the most popular remodeling projects: Bathrooms, Kitchens, Windows, Siding, Roofing, Flooring, New Heating, etc.

Simply enter your project below, and get an instant price quote. You can estimate multiple projects at once!

Select Project

Bathroom Kitchen Countertops Flooring Replacement Windows Roofing Siding Painting

Counter Material

Granite Quartz Corian / Silestone Laminate Wood Stainless Steel / Copper ECO (Recycled)

Windows Type

Basic Vinyl Windows Premium Vinyl Windows Wood Windows Fiberglass Windows Aluminum Windows

Quantity

windows

Flooring Material

Hardwoods Laminate Flooring Carpets Hardwood Refinishing

Painting Job Type

Interior Painting Exterior Painting

Surface Repairs

None Minimal Medium Extensive

Siding Material

Vinyl Siding Wood Siding Hardie Siding

Remove Old Siding

Remove Vinyl Remove Wood None

Roofing Material

Asphalt Roof Metal Roof Flat Roof

Roof Tear-off

1 Layer 2 Layers None

Materials Quality

Basic Mid-Range High-End Luxury

Project Type

New Construction Remodel Existing

Demolition

No Demolition Partial Demolition Full Demo

US Region

National Average New England Mid-Atlantic South Atlantic East S. Central West S. Central East N. Central West N. Central Mountain Pacific

Bathroom: - select the remodel "quality" you want to do - Low End (typically in a rental property), Mid-Range (most homes), and High End (luxury properties).

Low End and Mid Range presume the bathroom size is around 5x8 feet, with a new tub, vanity sink and cabinets, new toilet, tile floors and shower / bath-tub enclosure, and wall-paper on the walls.

High-End presumes a 10x10 luxury bathroom, with a modern corner shower, whirlpool Jacuzzi tub, marble vanity sink, and tile on floors and walls.

Kitchen: Select Low End, Mid Range (most homes) or High End - luxury kitchen remodel. This includes ripping out existing kitchen cabinets and appliances, installing new cabinets, laminated counter tops (granite counters for High End), stainless steel double sink with new faucets, garbage disposal, dishwasher, stove and refrigerator, as well as new tile flooring.

New Flooring: Enter total square footage of flooring to be installed and choose the material - Laminate, Carpets, Tile or Hardwoods (standard quality level). Optionally, you can select Hardwood refinishing, which includes stripping existing hardwoods, and applying two coats of Urethane or Water-Based stain / clear coat. Estimate DOES NOT include removing the old material.

Replacement Windows: Enter the number of new windows to be installed and select the material - Vinyl, Wood, Fiberglass or Aluminum. Prices include Low-E / Argon gas, insulation around the frame and re-installing existing stops (inside trim). For vinyl windows, prices are calculated for mid-range quality, which includes welded frame and sashes.

New Siding: Select your material: Vinyl, Wood, Hardie/Fiber Cement. Enter the size of your house exterior walls (approximate amount) as sq. footage for new installation. To calculate the size of your siding job, take ground measurements of your home, add each side together, multiply by 2, and multiply by wall height (typically 9.5 ft. per level) and multiply by 1.05 if you have gable ends.

1: (46 + 28) * 2 = 1482: 148 * 9.5 * 1.05 = 1476.3 sq. ft. of new siding.

For more accurate pricing, select whether your project is "New Construction" or "Renovation".

Finally, you can add Demolition work to the cost estimate.

Connect with local pros and get no-obligation, free estimates for any exterior or interior remodel.

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Remodeling Cost Calculator - RemodelingCalculator.org

1. Mediterranean-Inspired Design

Glitz meets Old-World style in these tiles inspired by ancient Mediterranean countries like Spain, Morocco and Portugal. The look elegantly combines the charm of hand-painted terra cotta with modern metallics.

Mosaic tile can add a rich look to your space. You don't need a lot to make a big statement. Try it as an accent in the shower or tub area, or as a backsplash in a half bath.

Old meets new in a fun way when classic arabesque patterns are mixed with retro 1970s colors.

Practical storage will never go out of style. Whenever possible, take advantage of vertical space and take your cabinetry up the wall.

If built-in cabinetry isn't an option, incorporate an interesting or antique piece of furniture.

Open shelving is still a popular trend that can also be quite practical in the bathroom.

Like denim jeans or a fisherman’s knit sweater, old-school white subway tile never goes out of style.

White subway tile can be paired with most any look. Make it the base for casual industrial style or dress it up with traditional-style furniture and fixtures for timeless look.

White subway is best used with a dark color grout like gray or black. Especially in the bathroom because it is less likely to get stained with mold and soap residue.

No-threshold showers along with comfort-height toilets, vanities and side-mount faucets are gaining in popularity for very practical reasons. Curbless showers are easier to clean, they make your bathroom look bigger, and they help homeowners to age in place.

Many homeowners are tearing out built-in bathtubs to create a combination bathtub/shower wet room. Ease of accessibility or being ADA-compliant can increase a home's resale value because you're offering potential buyers more options, plus the design aesthetic can look really cool.

Floating vanities are a big part of the ease-of-use trend because their height can be easily be customized. Plus, floating vanities can look more like a stylish piece of art or custom furniture.

Make a statement with fun patterns. These intertwining circles are a groovy combination of 1960s pop art and elegant art deco.

Three-dimensional tiles come in organic waves as well as symmetrical patterns.

Whether it's for relaxation or for practical reasons, bringing electronics into the bathroom is becoming more commonplace. Wireless speakers, Bluetooth devices and docking stations are being incorporated into bathroom mirrors, showerheads and vanities. Kohler has taken multitasking to a new level with its all-in-one showerhead and speaker combo.

Double the relaxation by binge-watching your favorite show while soaking in a warm bath.

A strategically placed TV can get you caught up with the latest news and weather while getting ready for your day.

Sometimes luxury can come in the form of a little extra-added warmth. Warm toes and a warm towel can make all the difference on a cold winter's morning. Radiant floor heat is energy efficient because the heat is touching your body, warming you from the bottom up.

If you can't swing the price of a new heating system. A towel warmer can provide warmth and comfort starting at around $100.

Fully enclosed steam showers with multiple showerheads are a luxury that is becoming more conventional in new homes and remodeled master bathrooms.

It's nice to have a place to sit and enjoy your Zen-like walk-in shower, thus built-in and portable benches are an extra-added luxury that doesn't have to break the budget.

A bathroom is the perfect place to get a little daring in your design choices. Try a set of unusual sconces, an ornate chandelier or a set of funky pendants.

This bathroom uses up-light and low lights to illuminate the vanity. Table lamps aren’t often thought of for the bathroom, but why not give it a try. You can always move them back into the living room if they don't work.

A variety of lighting offers practical and decorative advantages. This vanity unit is outfitted with overhead puck lights and a pair of sconces around the mirror to help you get ready in the morning. While the crystal ceiling fixture offers a touch of opulence and style.

If you've got the budget, you won’t regret implementing this trend into your bathroom remodel.

Ventless fire features make it easy and less expensive to add warmth to your new bathroom.

Not only will you add romance and luxury to your master suite, a fireplace will help increase your home's resale value.

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10 Best Bathroom Remodeling Trends | Bath Crashers | DIY

Your browser does not support JavaScript!Your browser does not support JavaScript!Your browser does not support JavaScript!"); //GTM var resultID = data.split("...")[1]; dataLayer.push({ event: "form submit", eventAction: "submit consultation form", eventLabel: "expanded consultation form", 'lead': { 'id': resultID } }); } else if (data.match("Error:InvalidWaveReferralNumber")) { $("#status").html("Error! The reference number you entered cannot be matched with an active Wave account number. Please double check that the account number you entered is correct. Otherwise, contact Bath Fitter"); } else { $("#status").html("Error! Your free in-home consultation request couldn't be sent."); } //$("#status").text(data); //$("#status").css('color', 'green'); }, error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { $("#status").html("Error! Your free in-home consultation request couldn't be sent."); //alert(errorThrown + "nn" + XMLHttpRequest.responseText); } }); } }); $(document).ready(function () { var urlParams; (window.onpopstate = function () { var match, pl = /+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, query = window.location.search.substring(1); urlParams = {}; while (match = search.exec(query)) urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); })(); //fill Lead controls from query string... $("#FirstName").val(urlParams["FirstName"]), $("#LastName").val(urlParams["LastName"]), $("#ZipCode").val(urlParams["ZipCode"]), $("#Phone1").val(urlParams["Phone1"]), $("#Email").val(urlParams["Email"]) });Your browser does not support JavaScript!

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Bathroom Remodeling, Acrylic Bathtubs and Showers - Bath Fitter

Please fill out this contact form to the right and we will contact you soon regarding your remodel.

Most people are thinking about weddings, graduations, swimming pools and vacations, not remodeling their bathroom. Our employees want to stay busy this summer.So make this summer the time to save 20% on your bathroom remodeling project.

Its a win-win, you save 20% and our installers stay busy!!!

We like to think that we are different from the typical contractor in many ways. The most important of these lies in how we provide the price. The oldest trick in the contractor book is to estimate a low price in order to get you to sign an agreement and then pile on add-on charges during the selection phase. This type of contractor will tell you that the original price was an estimate. He will then add on more charges during the actual construction. Brytons is able to provide a total price for your project at the very beginning, as long as you are able to choose the products, colors and accessory items during the appointment. We dont do it any other way.

We provide you the exact price to complete the project, down to the penny, so you will know exactly what you will pay at the end!

We service all of Central, Eastern & Coastal, North & South Carolina with its bathroom remodeling needs. We are more than happy to come to your hometo give you a FREE consultation. During that time we will take measurements and give you an exact price on your project.

We willtry to contact you within 24 business hours. If you dont hear from us or need to speak with us sooner please call: 855-BRYTONS(855-279-8667).

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Get A Price | Brytons Home Improvement

Let Nothing Stand in Your Way.Let Fecon Help You Find Nearby Land-Clearing Contractors.

We understand the challenges you face. The only thing between you and a perfect project is 1.5 acres of poplar trees and an overgrown, tangled mess of brush and weeds. Fecons global network of land-clearing contractors can help clear the way in an efficient, cost-effective manner.

Our strong reputation for durability, productivity, reliability and after-the-sale support is the reason why companies nationwide depend on Fecon forestry mulching equipment to get the job done right.

No matter how tough the application vegetation management, land clearing or environmental purposes well put you in touch with a well-equipped contractor to power through it.

Tough jobs demand tough tools. Fecon stands alone in the industry with brutally durable products like our Bull Hog -- the strongest-built mulcher on the market. Our story doesnt end there, either. Today weve branched out with an extensive array of heavy and severe-duty tractors and attachments for a wide variety of applications.

Call for service providers in your area: (800) 528-3113

To rent land clearing equipment, Click Here

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Land Clearing Services - fecon.com

Kitchen Remodeling, Bathroom Remodeling, Home Additions, Exterior Home Remodeling, and Other Services for Homeowners in Minneapolis, MN, and Throughout the Metro Area

Purpose Driven Restorations custom home remodeling services enable homeowners in the Minneapolis, Minnesota, area to transform their homes into more attractive, comfortable, and functional living spaces. Whether you require home improvement services out of necessity for instance, if a storm has caused your roof to leak or you simply want to make your home more enjoyable for you and your family perhaps with a kitchen remodeling upgrade or one of our home additions we will complete this important work with craftsmanship you can trust.

As a full-service general contractor that specializes in both interior and exterior remodels, we can execute any home renovation you want, whether its a garage or other home additions, basement finishing, window replacement, kitchen remodeling, bathroom remodeling, or any other upgrade. Notably, we offer more variations of products than youll find with most other companies for instance, unlike many other roofing contractors, we give you the choice of aluminum, steel, and shake roofing. While our partnerships with manufacturers such as Owens Corning and LP enable us to supply the finest products and warranties on the market, our factory-trained and -certified team can expertly install any products you want for your home.

At Purpose Driven Restoration, we have always considered customer service the cornerstone of our business. Rooted in our faith, we treat our clients the way wed want to be treated, and this means demonstrating absolute attention, trust, quality, and integrity while we work on their homes. Therefore, our remodeling contractors will go to great lengths to make the remodeling process as pleasant and rewarding as possible for you. At your in-home consultation, your project manager will gladly inspect your entire home and provide you with a valuable professional assessment of your property. Because we understand what this project means to you, both financially and in terms of how a custom home renovation can potentially increase your quality of life, we will work closely with you to develop a custom design for the space you want to renovate, ensuring that it will perfectly suit your needs and tastes.

To help educate you on your product options, we will generate cost versus value reports and Best/Better/Good comparisons of the different products you have to choose from, so you can know for certain youre choosing materials with the ideal aesthetics, features, and price for you. Since we manage both the design and build phases of our remodels, we will ensure complete accountability and consistency throughout the process, streamlining the renovation to save you money. We will even assign you a dedicated concierge, an account manager on our team who will keep you up to date at all times on the status of your remodel.

To discuss your home remodeling needs with one of our knowledgeable project managers, contact Purpose Driven Restoration today. When you do, remember to ask about our financing options, which can give you greater flexibility as you plan your dream bathroom or kitchen remodel, or any other home renovation you have in mind for your Minneapolis, MN, residence.

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Kitchen & Bath Remodeling Minneapolis MN | Home Additions

A landscape architect is a person who is educated in the field of landscape architecture. The practice of landscape architecture includes: site analysis, site inventory, land planning, planting design, grading, storm water management, sustainable design, construction specification and ensuring that all plans meet the current building codes and local and federal ordinances. The title landscape architect was first used by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park.

The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) states that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment".[1] This definition of the profession of landscape architect is based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations, International Labour Office[2], Geneva.

Some notable Australian landscape architects include Catherin Bull[3] [4], Kevin Taylor,[5], Richard Weller[6][bettersourceneeded], Peter Spooner[7], Doris Brown[8], Bruce Mackenzie[9], William Guilfoyle, Ina Higgins, Edna Walling and Ellis Stones.

To become a recognised professional landscape architect in Australia, the first requirement is to obtain a degree in landscape architecture accredited by the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects. After at least two years of recognised professional practice, graduates may submit for further assessment to obtain full professional recognition by AILA.

The Landscape Institute is the recognised body relating to the field of Landscape Architecture throughout the UK. To become a recognised landscape architect in the UK takes approximately 7 years. To begin the process, one has to study an accredited course by the Landscape Institute to obtain a bachelor's degree in Landscape Architecture or a similar field. Following this one must progress onto a Postgraduate Diploma in the field of Landscape Architecture covering the subject in far greater detail such as mass urban planning, construction and planting. Following this, the trainee must complete the Pathway to Chartership,[10] a challenging but very rewarding program set out by the Landscape Institute. Following this, one is awarded a full Landscape Architect title and becomes a Chartered Member of the Landscape Institute (CMLI.)

The United States is the founding country of the formal profession named landscape architecture. Those in this field work both to create an aesthetically pleasing setting and also to protect and preserve the environment in an area. The actual activities however are common to most human cultures around the globe for several millennia. In the U.S. a need to formalize the practice and name were resolved in 1899 with the formation of the American Society of Landscape Architects. A few of the many talented and influential landscape architects that have been based in The United States are: Frederick Law Olmsted, Beatrix Farrand, Jens Jensen, Ian McHarg, Thomas Church, Arthur Shurtleff, John Nolen, and Lawrence Halprin. Robert Royston summed up one American theme:

Landscape architecture practices the fine art of relating the structure of culture to the nature of landscape, to the end that people can use it, enjoy it, and preserve it.

The following is an outline of the landscape architect's typical scope of service:[11]

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Landscape architect - Wikipedia

A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors, and is usually constructed from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or netting.[1] A fence differs from a wall in not having a solid foundation along its whole length.[2]

Alternatives to fencing include a ditch (sometimes filled with water, forming a moat).

A balustrade or railing is a kind of fence to prevent people from falling over the edge, for example, on a balcony, stairway (see railing system), roof, bridge, or elsewhere near a body of water, places where people stand or walk and the terrain is dangerously inclined.

The following types of areas or facilities often are required by law to be fenced in, for safety and security reasons:

Fences can be the source of bitter arguments between neighbors, and there are often special laws to deal with these problems. Common disagreements include what kind of fence is required, what kind of repairs are needed, and how to share the costs.

In some legislatures the standard height of a fence is limited, and to exceed it a special permit is required.

Servitudes[6] are legal arrangements of land use arising out of private agreements. Under the feudal system, most land in England was cultivated in common fields, where peasants were allocated strips of arable land that were used to support the needs of the local village or manor. By the sixteenth century the growth of population and prosperity provided incentives for landowners to use their land in more profitable ways, dispossessing the peasantry. Common fields were aggregated and enclosed by large and enterprising farmerseither through negotiation among one another or by lease from the landlordto maximize the productivity of the available land and contain livestock. Fences redefined the means by which land is used, resulting in the modern law of servitudes.[7]

In the United States, the earliest settlers claimed land by simply fencing it in. Later, as the American government formed, unsettled land became technically owned by the government and programs to register land ownership developed, usually making raw land available for low prices or for free, if the owner improved the property, including the construction of fences. However, the remaining vast tracts of unsettled land were often used as a commons, or, in the American West, "open range" as degradation of habitat developed due to overgrazing and a tragedy of the commons situation arose, common areas began to either be allocated to individual landowners via mechanisms such as the Homestead Act and Desert Land Act and fenced in, or, if kept in public hands, leased to individual users for limited purposes, with fences built to separate tracts of public and private land.

Ownership of a fence on a boundary varies. The last relevant original title deed(s)[8] and a completed seller's property information form may document which side has to put up and has installed any fence respectively; the first using "T" marks/symbols (the side with the "T" denotes the owner); the latter by a ticked box to the best of the last owner's belief with no duty, as the conventionally agreed conveyancing process stresses, to make any detailed, protracted enquiry.[9] Commonly the mesh or panelling is in mid-position. Otherwise it tends to be on non-owner's side so the fence owner might access the posts when repairs are needed but this is not a legal requirement.[10] Where estate planners wish to entrench privacy a close-boarded fence or equivalent well-maintained hedge of a minimum height may be stipulated by deed. Beyond a standard height planning permission is necessary.

Where a rural fence or hedge has (or in some cases had) an adjacent ditch, the ditch is normally in the same ownership as the hedge or fence, with the ownership boundary being the edge of the ditch furthest from the fence or hedge.[11] The principle of this rule is that an owner digging a boundary ditch will normally dig it up to the very edge of their land, and must then pile the spoil on their own side of the ditch to avoid trespassing on their neighbour. They may then erect a fence or hedge on the spoil, leaving the ditch on its far side. Exceptions exist in law, for example where a plot of land derives from subdivision of a larger one along the centre line of a previously-existing ditch or other feature, particularly where reinforced by historic parcel numbers with acreages beneath which were used to tally up a total for administrative units not to confirm the actual size of holdings, a rare instance where Ordnance Survey maps often provide more than circumstantial evidence namely as to which feature is to be considered the boundary.

On private land in the United Kingdom, it is the landowner's responsibility to fence their livestock in. Conversely, for common land, it is the surrounding landowners' duty to fence the common's livestock out such as in large parts of the New Forest. Large commons with livestock roaming have been greatly reduced by 18th and 19th century Acts for enclosure of commons covering most local units, with most remaining such land in the UK's National Parks.

Distinctly different land ownership and fencing patterns arose in the eastern and western United States. Original fence laws on the east coast were based on the British common law system, and rapidly increasing population quickly resulted in laws requiring livestock to be fenced in. In the west, land ownership patterns and policies reflected a strong influence of Spanish law and tradition, plus the vast land area involved made extensive fencing impractical until mandated by a growing population and conflicts between landowners. The "open range" tradition of requiring landowners to fence out unwanted livestock was dominant in most of the rural west until very late in the 20th century, and even today, a few isolated regions of the west still have open range statutes on the books. More recently, fences are generally constructed on the surveyed property line as precisely as possible. Today, across the nation, each state is free to develop its own laws regarding fences. In many cases for both rural and urban property owners, the laws were designed to require adjacent landowners to share the responsibility for maintaining a common boundary fenceline. Today, however, only 22 states have retained that provision.

The value of fences and the metaphorical significance of a fence, both positive and negative, has been extensively utilized throughout western culture. A few examples include:

Media related to Fences at Wikimedia Commons

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Fence - Wikipedia