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This article was contributed to 1967beetle.com by Jeremy Goodspeed ofGoodspeedmotoring.com. The vintage Volkswagen community thanks you!
The basic wiring of a VW Beetle is very similar to many other types of European cars. Like most cars, with age, time and exposure, resistance can build up in a wiring harness and render simple circuits useless. So with basic understanding of European wiring standards, many repair tasks can be tackled. From the addition of a simple accessory to a complete wiring harness overhaul, following some simple rules will make for a successful repair.
First, we need to discuss a few basics regarding VW wiring. If you have spent any amount of time looking at a VW wiring schematic, you will notice that RED is used for constant power, meaning powered regardless of the ignition position, BLACK is switched power and BROWN is used for ground. The other colors will vary depending on the circuit but these three colors will cover most basic circuits. In addition to the color coding, a VW wiring schematic will have a number coding assigned to each terminal on a switch or other hardware component. These European terminal designations are also known as DIN standard and are used to determine a terminals use. First, take a look at the Bosch Terminal Designations.
These numbers are generally printed on the switch or other device for easy reference. As you work with DIN standard wiring, certain numbers will be seen more often than others. For example, a terminal designation of 30 always represents a direct connection to the positive battery terminal. While a terminal designation of 15 represents battery power when the ignition is in the crank or run position. As you become more familiar with DIN pin designations, you should be able to figure out the purpose without looking at a wiring schematic. Now when you combine the colors with the pin designations, you will notice a pattern. Red wires go to pin 30, black wires go to pin 15 and brown wires go to pin 31.
The next item you will notice on a VW wiring schematic is a number size assigned to every wire. The number wire size varies from 0.5 to 6.0. This refers to a European sizing that is measured in millimeter squared (mm). European gauge wire is not easily obtained in America, so for replacement, it must be converted to AWG (America Wire Gauge). The conversion from European wire size to AWG is not exact. Using a slightly larger wire size is good assure against resistance and heat. For example a 1.0 mm wire should be replaced with a 16 AWG wire which is 1.31 mm.
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Washington D.C. (PRWEB) February 28, 2015
Robert F. Audet, Inc enrolled in the Simplified Acquisition Program in January 2013, and as a result won 6 federal contracts totaling $479,184. Tammy Helgren of US Federal Contractor Registration suggested that the Simplified Acquisition Program would be the best government-marketing program for their business model based on their business goals. Robert F. Audet, Inc has managed to become extremely successful in the federal marketplace from a direct result of the Simplified Acquisition Program. The Simplified Acquisition Program has proven to be the most efficient government-marketing program in 2014. US Federal Contractor Registration, the worlds largest third party registration firm developed the Simplified Acquisition Program in an effort to help small businesses win simplified acquisition contracts.
Below is a contract awarded from the Department of the Army to Robert F. Audet, Inc as found on the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS):
Vendor Name: ROBERT F. AUDET, INC. Contracting Agency: DEPT OF THE ARMY Date Signed: November 06, 2013 Action Obligation: $319,500 Contracting Office: W2SD ENDIST NEW ENGLAND NAICS (Code): ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS AND OTHER WIRING INSTALLATION CONTRACTORS ( 238210 ) PSC (Code): REPAIR OR ALTERATION OF RESTORATION OF REAL PROPERTY (PUBLIC OR PRIVATE) ( Z2QA ) Vendor City: EAST GREENWICH Vendor DUNS: 620823930 Vendor State: RI Vendor ZIP: 028181422
About Robert F. Audet, Inc
Robert F. Audet, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Rhode Island in 1990. Their focus is technically complex electrical installations. They perform all phases of commercial, industrial and governmental electrical work: Medium voltage, low voltage, and systems including fire alarm, security, and telecommunications. They have an in-house team of certified medium voltage splicers. All of their electricians are licensed, some holding more than one license. Their electricians hold certificates in many other disciplines needed in their work, i.e. lift licenses, CPR site aid, confined space, etc. All employees are OSHA 10 qualified. Their company is a member of Associated Builders and Contractors.
Robert F. Audet, Inc Vendor Profile
DUNS: 620823930 CAGE: 0SDX2 Active in SAM; Registration valid until 1/31/201 Small Business North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes: 238210 - Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors
Federal Purchasing officers looking for information on Robert F. Audet, Inc please call Laura Ley at (401) 884-3310 or visit their Federally formatted website at http://www.rfaudetgov.com/.
Tammy Hellgren can be reached at 1(877) 252-2700 Ext 718 to discuss Simplified Acquisition Program enrollment for both federally registered and unregistered businesses. US Federal Contractor Registration is the only firm allowed to qualify and maintain the simplified acquisition program. For businesses interested in learning more please visit http://www.SimplifiedAcquisitionProgram.org.
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Arduino – Wire -
February 27, 2015 by
Mr HomeBuilder
Reference Language | Libraries | Comparison | Changes
This library allows you to communicate with I2C / TWI devices. On the Arduino boards with the R3 layout (1.0 pinout), the SDA (data line) and SCL (clock line) are on the pin headers close to the AREF pin. The Arduino Due has two I2C / TWI interfaces SDA1 and SCL1 are near to the AREF pin and the additional one is on pins 20 and 21.
As a reference the table below shows where TWI pins are located on various Arduino boards.
As of Arduino 1.0, the library inherits from the Stream functions, making it consistent with other read/write libraries. Because of this, send() and receive() have been replaced with read() and write().
There are both 7- and 8-bit versions of I2C addresses. 7 bits identify the device, and the eighth bit determines if it's being written to or read from. The Wire library uses 7 bit addresses throughout. If you have a datasheet or sample code that uses 8 bit address, you'll want to drop the low bit (i.e. shift the value one bit to the right), yielding an address between 0 and 127.
Reference Home
Corrections, suggestions, and new documentation should be posted to the Forum.
The text of the Arduino reference is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code samples in the reference are released into the public domain.
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Arduino - Wire
When integrating control technology into customized control cabinet solutions, it can be challenging to reduce the space needed for machines and installations and condense structure size. The new Eplan Design Space Exchange simplifies the creation of virtual models for electrical and control systems engineers while simultaneously breaking down the barriers between electrical and mechanical design engineering.
Monheim The new Eplan Design Space Exchange (DSE) has been unveiled. DSE supports data exchange between mechanical construction and control system technology in control cabinet and switchgear construction. The expansion module for Eplan Pro Panel Professional, developed by Eplan and MCAD specialists at Cideon, is available for the first time with Eplan Platform 2.4 and compatible with Autodesk Inventor 2014 and 2015. Without the cabinet case, there is no mounting layout, and without the mounting layout, there is no final case design. This dilemma can now be resolved with the Design Space Exchange expansion module, explains Thomas Weichsel, product manager at Eplan. DSE is based on a fully parametric 3D geometric data model of the mechanical design that takes into account the particular requirements for the installation location of the mounting panel or cabinet. DSE accesses the 3D CAD data of the control cabinet case design and makes it available to the Eplan Platform, as the basis for the mounting layout using Eplan Pro Panel. The 3D mounting layout is created within this design space, referencing the automation concept from the electrical design. All electrical equipment intended for installation will be mounted virtually, taking into account spatial conditions and manufacturer specifications regarding minimum clearance.
Wiring on Virtual Prototypes Installation holes, threads, slots and cutouts are automatically integrated for subsequent assembly. The virtual prototype of the cabinet is the basis for virtual switchgear wiring and for determining optimal wiring paths and appropriate wire lengths, among other things. Once the virtual mounting layout has been completed, Eplan DSE provides data on the necessary installation holes, threads, slots and cutouts for integration into the 3D mechanical engineering model, at the push of a button. DSE then interprets data and objects on the Autodesk Inventor page and creates a consistent product data model for mechanical design including all components, holes and cutouts. The model is fully parametric and is in the form of native Autodesk Inventor geometry data, so that the mechanical design can integrate the manufacturing procedure including processing, BOMs and manufacturing drawings. While the mechanical design lays the foundation for the manufacture of the cases, the electrical designer can compile complete, as-built, project documentation of the final product. For example, the automated assembly of terminal strips and wire bundles, with all the necessary schematics, mounting diagrams, manufacturing drawings, BOMs, device lists, connection lists and data are created. As Weichsel notes in his summary of the advantages: Interdisciplinary data synchronization reduces potential sources of error and product development costs, saving time while improving quality.
EPLAN Software & Service develops engineering solutions, which accelerate the product development process. Interdisciplinary expert systems assure the highest degree of productivity and data integration. The solution provider develops customer-specific and tailor-made PDM and PLM concepts and provides comprehensive services such as customizing, consulting and training. Innovative development competence, a consistently practical approach, and international presence are the resulting success factors. EPLAN is part of Rittal International and thus of the Friedhelm Loh Group with 11,500 employees worldwide and generated revenues of about 3 billion USD in 2011. EPLAN is therefore synonymous with continuity and investment security. Eight offices in North America and company presence in 50 countries support 45,000 customers with 110,000 installations worldwide. The corporate motto - 'Efficient Engineering' - underlines the proficiency of optimized, efficient processes, which keep companies competitive in the long term.
http://www.eplanusa.com
EPLAN Software & Services LLC 425 N. Martingale Rd., Suite 470 Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA
Christine KNAPIK Phone: +1-630-408-3863 Fax: +1-847-240-4667 Knapik.c@EPLANusa.com
EPLAN Software & Service GmbH & Co. KG An der alten Ziegelei 2 D-40789 Monheim Tel.: +49 (0)2173 3964-0 Fax: +49 (0)2173 3964-25 info@EPLAN.de http://www.EPLAN.de
Hagelschuer Birgit Phone: +49 2173 3964-180 Hagelschuer.B@EPLAN.de
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Design Software bridges mechanical and control technologies.
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Covington, Kentucky (PRWEB) February 25, 2015
Atkins & Pearce, Inc., a leading manufacturer of precision braided textiles and high performance yarns, has introduced a new line of Armour Guard expandable monofilament braids. Used to harness, bind and protect wiring, cables and hoses, high performance Armour Guard monofilament grades are used in industries and applications including automotive and transportation, aerospace, electronics, robotics, hydraulics, marine and heavy equipment.
Armour Guard is available in eleven grades and a wide variety of sizes and colors. Colors can be combined to create a virtually limitless selection that can be used to match specific design objectives. It will expand up to 150% its original diameter making installation quick and easy. All grades provide excellent resistance to abrasion, chemicals, fungus and fuel with options available for high temperature, fire and flame resistance.
Atkins & Pearce manufactures Armour Guard at its 550,000 sq. ft. facility located in Covington, Kentucky. It is available through a number of major distributors as well as direct from Atkins & Pearce, depending on the needs of the customer.
About Atkins & Pearce Atkins & Pearce, Inc. was established in 1817, and is a leading manufacturer of precision braided textiles and high performance yarns. From its 550,000 sq. ft. manufacturing plant in Covington, Kentucky, Atkins & Pearce produces and processes industrial cordage and twine, coated insulation sleeving, tubing, expandable sleeving, lacing tapes, tie cords, candlewick, and custom braided textile products.
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Cape Canaveral, Fla. Astronauts stepped out on a spacewalk Saturday to perform some tricky cable work needed before new American-made crew capsules can dock at the International Space Station.
It was the first of three spacewalks planned for NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Terry Virts over the coming week.
Altogether, Wilmore and Virts have 764 feet of cable to run outside the space station. The longest single stretch, for installation Saturday, is 43 feet.
NASA considers this the most complicated cable-routing job in the 16-year history of the space station. Equally difficult will be running cable on the inside of the complex.
The extensive rewiring is needed to prepare for NASA's next phase 260 miles up: the 2017 arrival of the first commercial spacecraft capable of transporting astronauts to the orbiting lab. NASA is paying Boeing and SpaceX to build the capsules and fly them from Cape Canaveral, which hasn't seen a manned launch since the shuttles retired in 2011. Instead, Russia is doing all the taxi work for a steep price.
The first of two docking ports for the Boeing and SpaceX vessels still under development is due to arrive in June. Even more spacewalks will be needed to rig everything up.
Virts, who arrived at the space station in December, savored the moment as he floated out on his first spacewalk high above the South Pacific. "Pretty cool," Virts said. The men hauled out with them a big white bundle containing cables. Saturday's space walk began at 7:45 a.m. EST and was expected to last 6.5 hours. NASA is broadcastingthe spacewalk live online.
The second spacewalk will be Wednesday and the third on March 1.
Spacesuit concerns stalled the work by a day.
NASA wanted to make certain that the suits worn by Wilmore and Virts had reliable fan and pump assemblies. Two other fan-pump units failed aboard the space station in recent months and were returned to Earth earlier this month for analysis. Corrosion was discovered, the result of water intrusion from testing.
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Astronauts as cable guys: Biggest wiring job in space station history (+video)
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"USB Powered" LED Subwoofer Box Custom! PT1
part 1 building and installing the LED lights and wiring installation for the subwoofer box lights. powered via usb plug uses 5v DC can actually be plugged i...
By: demonsparkx
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"USB Powered" LED Subwoofer Box Custom! PT1 - Video
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Cape Canaveral, Fla. Astronauts stepped out on a spacewalk Saturday to perform some tricky cable work needed before new American-made crew capsules can dock at the International Space Station.
It was the first of three spacewalks planned for NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Terry Virts over the coming week.
Altogether, Wilmore and Virts have 764 feet of cable to run outside the space station. The longest single stretch, for installation Saturday, is 43 feet.
NASA considers this the most complicated cable-routing job in the 16-year history of the space station. Equally difficult will be running cable on the inside of the complex.
The extensive rewiring is needed to prepare for NASA's next phase 260 miles up: the 2017 arrival of the first commercial spacecraft capable of transporting astronauts to the orbiting lab. NASA is paying Boeing and SpaceX to build the capsules and fly them from Cape Canaveral, which hasn't seen a manned launch since the shuttles retired in 2011. Instead, Russia is doing all the taxi work for a steep price.
The first of two docking ports for the Boeing and SpaceX vessels still under development is due to arrive in June. Even more spacewalks will be needed to rig everything up.
Virts, who arrived at the space station in December, savored the moment as he floated out on his first spacewalk high above the South Pacific. "Pretty cool," Virts said. The men hauled out with them a big white bundle containing cables. Saturday's space walk began at 7:45 a.m. EST and was expected to last 6.5 hours. NASA is broadcastingthe spacewalk live online.
The second spacewalk will be Wednesday and the third on March 1.
Spacesuit concerns stalled the work by a day.
NASA wanted to make certain that the suits worn by Wilmore and Virts had reliable fan and pump assemblies. Two other fan-pump units failed aboard the space station in recent months and were returned to Earth earlier this month for analysis. Corrosion was discovered, the result of water intrusion from testing.
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Astronauts as cable guys: Biggest wiring job in space station history
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February 18, 2015 // Paul Buckley
German energy harvesting wireless technology company EnOcean is offering a LED control system for the North American market based upon innovative self-powered sensors and switches, combined with LED fixture controllers and commissioning tools to simplify installation and setup.
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With the offering, EnOceans OEM customers benefit from significantly shorter development timelines, reduced investment, enabling them to focus on the quickly evolving LED market opportunities. Employing EnOcean modules, OEMs can develop products on their own leveraging established LED control applications. Those OEMs seeking a ready-to-use solution can employ finished products to speed time-to-market and reduce development effort.
The building blocks include:
The LEDR/LEDD controllers use wireless technology to communicate at 902 MHz with other self-powered EnOcean-based products. The controller provides a simple solution for dimming control of a single fixture or a zone of multiple daisy-chained LED fixtures. In addition, it supports daylight harvesting scenarios, occupancy control and manual dimming processing data from EnOcean-based self-powered wireless occupancy sensors, light level sensors, and switches. The compact size enables flexible installation inside of or next to electrical boxes and fixtures so it can be easily wired out of sight using standard wiring practices.
German energy harvesting wireless technology company EnOcean is offering a LED control system for the North American market based upon innovative self-powered sensors and switches, combined with LED fixture controllers and commissioning tools to simplify installation and setup.
With the offering, EnOceans OEM customers benefit from significantly shorter development timelines, reduced investment, enabling them to focus on the quickly evolving LED market opportunities. Employing EnOcean modules, OEMs can develop products on their own leveraging established LED control applications. Those OEMs seeking a ready-to-use solution can employ finished products to speed time-to-market and reduce development effort.
The building blocks include:
The LEDR/LEDD controllers use wireless technology to communicate at 902 MHz with other self-powered EnOcean-based products. The controller provides a simple solution for dimming control of a single fixture or a zone of multiple daisy-chained LED fixtures. In addition, it supports daylight harvesting scenarios, occupancy control and manual dimming processing data from EnOcean-based self-powered wireless occupancy sensors, light level sensors, and switches. The compact size enables flexible installation inside of or next to electrical boxes and fixtures so it can be easily wired out of sight using standard wiring practices.
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Energy harvesting wireless LED control system simplifies installation
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February 19, 2015 // Graham Prophet
LTC2875 is an exceptionally rugged, high voltage tolerant CAN (controller area network) transceiver designed to greatly reduce field failures without the need of costly external protection devices.
In practical CAN systems, installation cross-wiring faults, ground voltage faults or lightning induced surge voltages can cause overvoltage conditions that exceed absolute maximum ratings of typical transceivers. The LTC2875 features 60V overvoltage fault and 25 kV HBM ESD protection on the data transmission lines, protecting bus pins during operation and shutdown. Whether a circuit is transmitting, receiving or powered off, the LTC2875 tolerates any voltage within 60V without damage, increasing the robustness of typical CAN networks.
The CAN bus has a well defined protocol stack, with support for standalone controllers, FPGAs and ASICs, making implementation easier over alternative interfaces, such as RS485. The LTC2875 provides the flexibility to be powered from a 3.3V or 5V rail, which is very useful in industrial applications where a 5V rail may not be present. In addition to the high fault and ESD protection, the device features a low electromagnetic emission (EME) driver with a transmit data (TXD) dominant timer to prevent faulty controllers from clamping the bus, as well as a high electromagnetic immunity (EMI) receiver with an extended 36V common mode range to enable operation in electrically noisy environments and in the presence of ground loops. The LTC2875 features a high speed data rate of 4 Mbps with an adjustable slew rate for data rates as low as 1 kbps. A shutdown mode brings all of the LTC2875s outputs to high impedance and reduces power consumption to 1 A.
The LTC2875 is offered in commercial, industrial, automotive and military (-55C to 125C) temperature grades and is available in 3 x 3mm DFN-8 and SO-8 packages, with industry-standard pinouts. Pricing starts at $1.72 (1000).
Linear Technology; http://www.linear.com/products/CAN_Transceivers
Displays & Interfaces,Analog & Mixed Signal ICs,Power components
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4 Mbps CAN transceiver with 60V fault protection
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