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Il feng shui (, pron. fen sciuei) un'antica arte geomantica taoista della Cina, ausiliaria dell'architettura, affine alla geomanzia occidentale. A differenza di questa prende per in considerazione anche aspetti della psiche e dell'astrologia. Non esiste alcuna prova scientifica della fondatezza delle sue ipotesi.
Non esiste una dottrina unificata o testi canonici sul feng shui, ma esistono numerose scuole che hanno sviluppato una serie complessa di regole, le due pi importanti sono San Yuan Pai e San He Pai.
Feng shui significa letteralmente "vento e acqua", in onore ai due elementi che plasmano la terra e che col loro scorrere determinano le caratteristiche pi o meno salubri di un particolare luogo. Secondo il taoismo esistono due principi generali che guidano lo sviluppo degli eventi naturali, essi sono il Ch'i e l'equilibrio dinamico di Yin e Yang. Lo yin il principio umido oscuro e femminile, mentre lo yang il principio caldo luminoso e maschile. Nel feng shui lo yin rappresentato dall'acqua e lo yang il vento inteso forse pi come respiro, in fondo acqua e aria sono indispensabili per la vita. Nel Feng Shui l'I Ching viene praticato nel Bagua quando si arreda l'interno di edifici.
Una delle principali scuole di pensiero quella che pone le origini del Feng Shui nell'astrologia, ed in particolare nel Ki delle 9 stelle, anch'esso basato sui principi di Yin e Yang. Questo oroscopo consta di 9 numeri,associati ai 5 elementi (fuoco, terra, metallo, acqua, legno), ognuno dei quali corrisponde ad una direzione. Il fuoco associato al Sud, e sta ad indicare la luminosit, la creativit e l'estro, lo spirito. L'acqua associata al Nord e riguarda il riposo, l'interiorit e i rapporti interpersonali. Il metallo al Nord-Ovest e all'Ovest e riguarda l'organizzazione, le attivit finanziarie, gli investimenti. La terra al Nord-Est e al Sud-Ovest e riguarda il governo, il sociale, l'alimentazione e la salute. Il legno all'Est e al Sud-Ovest e riguarda i viaggi, il commercio, le invenzioni e l'informatica.
Le origini del feng shui, per quanto incerte, appaiono antichissime e sono state scoperte delle tombe risalenti al Neolitico che sembrano seguirne i principi nella costruzione. I progressi nella conoscenza dell'insieme delle arti che concorrono al feng shui vengono tradizionalmente attribuiti a sovrani mitici quali Fu Hsi e Huang Di. Nei secoli che precedettero i primi imperatori della dinastia Qin il feng shui, chiamato Ka Nyu ("studio della Terra"), faceva parte delle arti divinatorie di cui si occupavano consiglieri politici e militari. Altri autori per lo riportano fino ai tempi della dinastia Xia con l'osservazione dei gusci di tartaruga nel quadrato lo shu scoprendo insieme anche l'I Ching, l'astrologia e la numerologia cinese.[1]
Trov una prima sistemazione e definizione organica nel fondamentale Zang Shu ("il libro delle sepolture") di Gu P (, 276-324). L'autore descrive come l'energia del Drago (il Qi) scende dalle montagne, disperdendosi attraverso i venti, e si arresta dinanzi a uno specchio d'acqua, dove si raccoglie e condensa. L'energia vitale benefica quindi il risultato di un equilibrio di forze, creata dalla presenza di elementi e conformazioni paesaggistiche che creano i presupposti per la "fortuna" di un luogo o edificio.
Secondo i sostenitori delle ipotesi del Feng Shui, esisterebbero direzioni pi propizie per le varie attivit nella casa, nella vita, e nei viaggi, come anche la forma e il colore di mobili e oggetti hanno assonanze con i 5 elementi.
Ad esempio, secondo i principi del feng shui, una casa per essere ben costruita dovrebbe essere quadrata o rettangolare senza angoli o parti mancanti e con forma regolare, dovrebbe avere un drago verde ad Est (delle piante alte che proteggano questo lato), una tigre bianca ad Ovest (possono essere anche da questa parte delle piante ma pi basse), una tartaruga a Nord (una collina o un grosso masso) e la fenice rossa a Sud (pu essere anche sotto forma simbolica, ad esempio un sasso con un filo rosso avvolto intorno). La parte sud dell'edificio la pi esposta alla luce ed al calore del sole (almeno nel nostro emisfero quindi considerata corrispondente al fuoco e allo yang. La parte nord della casa considerato il lato corrispondente all'acqua e alla carriera. Proprio perch l'acqua corrisponde all'elemento pi Yin dell'oroscopo, la direzione pi indicata per il riposo. Infatti, uno dei suggerimenti (quasi un brocardo) del feng-shui dormire con la testa rivolta verso nord e i piedi verso sud. Ogni direzione ha una relazione con un aspetto della vita, famiglia, figli, felicit, amicizia, carriera e fama, aiuto da parte dei genitori, ricchezza ecc.
Presso i cinesi ed alcune popolazioni limitrofe (soprattutto in Corea e nel Sudest asiatico) ci si rivolge spesso ad un esperto di feng shui per la scelta del terreno su cui edificare, per come orientare la casa e la porta principale in base alla data di nascita del capofamiglia, e per scegliere anche la data di inizio della costruzione e la data di trasferimento della famiglia nella nuova casa. Secondo le tradizioni culturali, un esperto feng shui ritenuto inoltre in grado di valutare una casa dal punto di vista energetico, e di decidere quali sono i "rimedi" da adottare per armonizzare l'energia all'interno della casa e portare alla famiglia che la abita prosperit e serenit. Le strade di una citt, pur essendo diritte, dovrebbero presentare svolte ad angolo retto, perch le strade eccessivamente lunghe e rettilinee secondo le teorie del Feng shui potrebbero convogliare energia venefica; questo stile presente in molte antiche citt in tutto il mondo, costruite con strade a zig-zag (o anche 'a baionetta') per ostacolare le invasioni.
More here:
Feng shui - Wikipedia
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