Home Builder Developer - Interior Renovation and Design

How Much Does Driveway Paving Cost?

Everybody always wants to know how much is paving a driveway? or what does it cost to pave my parking lot?

If youre considering paving or repaving your driveway in Hershey, youve likely already heard horror stories about how expensive this or that project can be, or about the aftermath of dealing with a fly-by-night contractor whose corner-cutting turns your driveway into a cracked, uneven money pit.

Thankfully, the process of pricing out how much does it cost to pave your driveway doesnt need to be difficult by choosing the type of work that you want and can afford and then carefully choosing a contractor, you can ensure that your driveway project comes in on budget and maintenance-free for years to come.

So if you are looking to get a ballpark estimate on how much it will cost to pave driveway or parking we can help give you a good idea here.

1st of all please note that asphalt is substantially cheaper than concrete. Asphalt driveway paving in York is close to 1/3 of the cost of concrete.

If youre asking yourself, how much to repave a driveway or pave a driveway? the first decision to be made is what type of material to use. Asphalt is typically only a third of the cost of concrete paving cost when installed by professional asphalt driveway contractors, and can last for a very long time if the stone base beneath it is properly laid. There are two ways that this can be done. Both require the removal of any existing paving driveways material as well as the base material beneath it.

The most economical way begins with a stone base followed by three inches of an asphalt surface material called ID2. For a more durable (albeit more expensive) paved surface, we can install a deep six inch stone base followed by a two-inch layer of binder material and then one and a half inches of ID2 surface material. The first method is quite economical at approximately $2.50 per square foot, and the more durable insulation comes in at $3.50 (but can last up to 20 years). If you dont want to go to the trouble of remediating the base material just yet, the rough driveway can be re-surfaced for approximately $1.50.

That should clear up any questions about the cost to pave driveway per square foot. Just know that if you are working with a contractor, theyre going to price strictly off of the square foot. On average someone could be charged anywhere between $2,300 and $10,300 to install an asphalt driveway in York or Harrisburg PA. With that being said be sure to save accordingly so there arent any surprises when reaching out to a paving company.

We would install 6 inches of stone 2 inches of the binder, which is a binder course and 1 1/2 inch of the smooth stuff which is called the ID2 top. This ranges about $3.50 a square foot for everything.

Installing a stone base the 3 inches of the ID2 top. This ranges around $2.50 a square foot

Basically, we would cut out in front of your garage. Then add 2 inches on top of your entire driveway. Then as we meet your garage we would use the cut out to bring it to level with your garage. This costs about $1.50 per square foot.

On the extremely economical end of things, or if the driveways looks are secondary to its functionality, there are less expensive options for keeping your wheels out of the mud. While gorgeous, clean white rock laid over top of railroad ballast has a certain rustic charm, its not much cheaper than asphalt. If youre not picky about the look of your economy driveway, however, it is possible to lay down grated asphalt for a fraction of the cost.

Truckloads of this material can be had for the cost of transporting it, or even free if youre willing to haggle when old asphalt is removed from a paved area by our contractors, the old material serves as an excellent aggregate material for producing a hard (if not entirely smooth) surface for your vehicle to drive or park on. Keep an eye out for parking lot renovations and try your luck; it could save you thousands.

On the other, far end of the spectrum, concrete makes a solid and permanent driveway material that will last indefinitely with no maintenance provided the base is properly laid and compacted (and it doesnt need to be re-sealed every 3-5 years like asphalt). The catch, of course, is that it is priced accordingly. The average concrete driveway installation in Hershey costs approximately $4000 (based on an average driveway size of 16x40 or 640ft 2); double that if a hydronic heating system is installed. While this is cheaper than installing brick pavers, which can cost up to $20 per square foot, it still brings the cost to around $6 per square foot on the low end or twice that where labor or materials are more expensive.

A more detailed cost breakdown for the Hershey area looks like this: removal of the old material can cost $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, depending on accessibility and disposal of the old material. If your driveway is new, youll instead pay for the excavation driveway slabs are 4 thick, and the base material may be thicker still and this can cost $1.50 per square foot as well. Youll pay just over $1.00 per square foot for consumables and site supplies, including forms, stakes and daily rates for specialty tools like floats and rebar cutting equipment. Labour can cost up to $5.50 per square foot on its own, and the concrete pour will run you between $2 and $3.50 per square foot after that.

Thats in the ballpark of $10 per square foot for a professionally installed concrete driveway some contractors may be able to work for cheaper but tread very carefully as trying to save money on something as unforgiving as concrete can cost you more than its worth. You may also be able to save money on your driveway by working together with your neighbors contractors may be willing to come down in price if there are several driveways work in a single bid. This is a great option for residents in Harrisburg and York.

If there are a lot of cracks or it is rutted out or there are dips in the driveway. That means the base is bad. We will then need to rip it out and install a new stone base to give a solid starting point.

We understand most people want the lowest cost. Even to at least have confidence you are getting good value for the money your spending.

As any local driveway contractors will tell you, you can get the most bang for your buck out of residential asphalt paving if youre not ready to invest in installing concrete pavement. On the cheap end of things, a gravel paving may save you money and aggravation in the short term. It will add cost to the installation of a more permanent material afterward as it will need to be removed and hauled away before the asphalt or concrete can be installed.

An asphalt driveway will last considerably without requiring significant maintenance, and it can very easily be repaired or resurfaced. It is important to remember that concrete does not bond to itself once cured; the only asphalt can be repaired without removing the old material to install the new.

You can perform your own calculations using this readily-available driveway cost calculator:

The Concrete Driveway Calculator allows you to visualize your pavement on Google Maps and generates measurements and a material takeoff on the fly, with modifiers for concrete depth and a variety of different materials. Its no substitute for an estimate from a professional, but may help you decide what material and installation are within your budget before you contact your local asphalt contractors.

Of course, each job has its own set of variables that influence the price. Give us a call or use our contact form and we will be happy to get you a quote tailored to your exact needs.

[1] Willies Paving Contractor,

[2] Homeadvisor Cost,

[3] LadyLeesHome,

[4] Remodeling Expense How Much Is Concrete

[5] HomeWyse

Driveway Paving Experts | How Much is Paving A Driveway was last modified: March 28th, 2019 by William Stanley

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Driveway Paving Experts | How Much is Paving A Driveway

The Mid-Atlantics premier multifamily builders

As an affiliate of ROSS Development & Investment (RDI) and ROSS Management Services, Inc. (RMS), ROSS Renovation & Construction, LLC, (RRC) provides the construction management skills required to successfully complete the physical aspects of the value creation process for the acquisition of multifamily rental or conversion to condominium communities. RRC executes the structural and aesthetic work that helps to create, enhance and preserve value, providing favorable returns to investors and a superior product to residents.

ROSS Renovation & Construction (RRC) has been responsible for coordinating the construction renovation of more than 80 projects including five building conversions from rental to condominium. Well known for attention to details, quality and timely execution, RRC has managed and executed more than 20,000 unit renovations on multifamily communities in the Mid-Atlantic region.

RRC incorporates and coordinates all required disciplines as necessary for the construction process of each project; including architectural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, structural, and environmental analysis and design.

RRC works seamlessly with ROSS Development & Investment and ROSS Management Services to ensure all required capital improvements and deferred maintenance are captured in the evaluation budgeting process and to ensure asset preservation for ownership.

Restoring, repairing and improving the mechanical systems of multifamily assets are some of the most important aspects of our multifamily operations. ROSS protocol calls for holding daily/weekly/monthly inspections on all common areas. We conduct an extensive preventive maintenance program for heating and cooling utilizing our site staff, and supplement it with HVAC professionals. Utility costs are managed using retrofits, installing new lighting and taking full advantage of applicable rebate programs.

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Apartment Building Tdistrasse Zrich / ADP Architektur Design Planung AG

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Text description provided by the architects. The existing old house was demolished. In its place was built a new building with 16 apartments. The detached apartment building in an urban center position has a mezzanine floor, four regular stories, and one attic story. The mezzanine floor gives the entrance of the house an additional height, which gives the house a certain exclusivity. Three flats per floor are organized around the central staircase.

The apartments are each oriented on two sides and receive a retracted loggia at the corner of the building. The floor plans of the apartments allow different arrangements of the kitchens to cover various buyer wishes. Each apartment receives a bathroom with natural light on the facade, as well as a second bathroom in the area of the entrance. One room per apartment receives direct access from the master bedroom to the bathroom.

The building created in massive construction is based formally with its perforated facade of the existing building structure. The standing windows have a deep balustrade with outside railing. The regular arrangement of the windows is accompanied by horizontal bands, which represent a quarter typical design feature.

The conventional compact insulation is finished with a washing plaster. The window reveals were formed with metal frames. The simply kept faade receives a noble grade corresponding to the price segment, which sets it apart from the standard. The houses are built according to the MINERGIE standard and certified with the MINERGIE label. The building has a ventilation system with heat recovery. The central ventilation unit is located in the technical center under the roof.

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Fences Unlimiteds reputation for fine workmanship at a reasonable price is well known. Whether youre looking for Vinyl Fence, Wooden, Screen, or Picket Fencing, custom styling, Post & Rail, Chain Link (galvanized & vinyl coated), Ornamental, or Aluminum we have it. And if youre not sure what your fence needs may be, we can help you with advice based on long years of experience. FREE ESTIMATES one of our Fence Specialist will visit your home and help you select and customize a fence to meet your exact specifications. Call today to set up an appointment (800-892-0456).

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There are many fail-safes in modern plumbing to help prevent sewer issues. From drain traps to sump pumps and vent pipes, your home is well-protected against sewage backups. One very important component to this systemwhich you should be aware of is the sewer clean out.

Despite its innocuous appearance, having one or more clean outs may have a major effect on both your homes sewer line health and on your bank account.

The sewer clean out is a capped pipe located on or near your property line which connects to the lateralsewer line. A lateral sewer line is the pipe which connects your homes sewer lines to the municipal sewers or your septic tank.

When the lateral clogs, it can cause sewage to back up into the drains, creating both a mess and health hazard. Having a sewer clean out enables you to keep the lines clear and drain water if a backup occurs.

The sewer clean out is a small capped pipe jutting above the ground. Unfortunately, locating it is not always simple. To make matters more complicated, many homes have multiple clean outs and, in some rare cases, may actually have the clean out located inside. The following steps should help you find the clean out more easily.

Older homes may not have a sewer clean out. This is especially true if one is not required by local or state plumbing codes. In such cases, it is generally best to have one installed.

There are also some instances where your home has a clean out which has simply become covered by dirt. If you believe the home has one but were unable to locate the cap, you may choose to do some light digging along the ground where you believe the clean out should be.

Alternatively, you may pay a plumber to run a camera through the line to locate the clean out from inside the pipe and pinpoint where to dig.

While having a sewer clean out is required by law in some states, you might be lacking one if you have an older home or are in a state where they are optional. However, there are several benefits to having a clean outinstalled on your property:

The clean out allows direct access to your propertys sewer lateral. This means a plumbing expert can monitor the water flow from each tap in your home individually to ensure there are no blockages or other pipe issues during their regular maintenance visits.

Normally, a plumber would have to remove your toilet or even go onto the roof in order to clean your sewer lines. By having a sewer clean out, they will have easy access to the sewer lateral. The savings in time and effort equate to a smaller bill for you.

One benefit which becomes apparent only in an emergency is the fact that the sewer clean out can help prevent the need to dig up your yard in the event of a major clog.

Unlike many of the pipes inside your home, the sewer lateral is located completely underground and therefore cannot be examined for wear or damage without excavating it. The sewer clean out provides an access point through which your lateral may be more easily inspected.

In the event of a major clog, the clean out acts as an external drain. Uncapping the clean out will allow you to drain the excess water, preventing it from flooding your home. This may also prove useful if there is an issue with the municipal sewer that is forcing water back up into your lateral.

Installation of a clean out is a multi-step process. In some cases, your local municipality may provide programs to help with the cost of installation, especially in cases where having a sewer clean out was not previously required by code. Be sure to check for any such programs or grants, as well as any required permits before starting.

Also, if you do not have experience splicing or installing sections of pipe, it may be best to hire a professional to avoid costly mistakes.

The first major step before beginning work is to pick the type of sewer clean out you wish to use. There are currently three options available:

Double Clean Out The most popular type used for modern installation, the double clean out has two shafts which connect to the lateral pipe forming a U shape. The cap closer to your home provides easy access to the city end while the cap closer to the street allows you to maintain the house end of the lateral.

Single Clean Out This type provides easy access to the municipal end of your lateral, although the 45 degree angle does not allow for access to the full pipe.

Test Tee This T-shaped clean out permits access to both ends of the lateral, but can be difficult to use for clearing blockages due to the 90 degree angle at the intersection.

You will need to locate your lateral and excavate a section of pipe. This may be done with either common tools or rental equipment, being careful not to damage the lateral pipe. Once you have the desired portion of pipe fully exposed, you should measure out the section you will be cutting away. The cutting tools you need will vary based upon the material your lateral pipe is made of.

Once you have removed the unwanted section, you are free to measure, cut, and install the new junction. Knowledge of plumbing is essential here, as you will need to fit and install the replacement section, verify the plumb, and make sure it is waterproof before filling the hole and capping the new clean out.

It is usually best to fit a container box around the cap so that it doesnt become overgrown or buried easily.

Even though cleaning your own lateral line may seem like a cheap alternative, there is always a risk of damaging the pipes.Having a professional plumber do the work is more effective and will be cheaper if they have access through a sewer clean out.

This is because they have more direct access, requiring fewer tools and less labor than if they have to dig up your yard or snake the lateral from a point inside the home.

HomeAdvisor gives a basic estimate range of $99 to $900 with an overall average of $288. This does not include additional fees for using a camera or water jetter.

CostHelper provides more detailed cost breakdowns, estimating the cost of snaking your lateral between $148 and $900 with an average cost of $410. They note that the distance snaked plays a role in your overall cost, making it less expensive to snake the lateral from an external clean out than from an access pointinside the home.

In addition, a camera inspection of the line will run between $100 and $800.

When choosing to have a professional come in, make sure they are certified and have a good reputation. Some plumbing companies will offer a flat rate but pressure you to get additional services to inflate the price. Make sure to shop around carefully for the best balance of quality and cost.

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When homeowners invite guests and company into their home typically the first thing that visitors see is the living room, or family room, of the house. Unless there is a foyer before the living room, this is the room that many people greet their family members and guests. It goes without saying, of course, that the living room is one of the most important rooms in the house. When it comes time for remodeling projects the living room may also be one of the first room on some homeowners lists that needs to get renovated.

Granted, there are many ways in which homeowners are able to remodel their living room, but in order to do so a couple issues needs to be resolved. For example, the problems with the current living or family room should be outlined in order to know what is wrong. After everyone in the family has had their input about what should be improved only then should the remodeling take place. But here are some important suggestions to take into consideration for remodeling the living room:

Add More Seating

Since the family room is the room which people are typically seating when they come into the house then it makes sense that more seating should be added to the room. Unless you have sufficient seating already there seems to always be room for improvement with this issue. One suggestion to take into consideration for home remodeling is to expand the walls of the living room in order to line them with more couches. After expanding the living room homeowners are able to take advantage of sectional couches to have more seating room.

Add Home Decor

Another cozy element to add to the living room during home remodeling is a fireplace and mantelpiece. The fireplace has long been a symbol of unity and warmth for the family, so what better place to add this then to the family room, or living room? Along with the fireplace, though, the mantelpiece is also something that should be thought about. There are all different sorts of materials and construction sets that one can buy which will make their fireplace stand out.

Add a Foyer

As mentioned, the living room is the first room that guests enter unless there is a foyer. While home remodeling, one suggestion to use is to add a foyer before the living room. This may change the dimensions of the living room slightly, but the foyer doesnt have to be that big. There are many different dimensions that homeowners use for their foyer, but this is an excellent way to add style to your house for the guests that you have.

All of these home remodeling suggestions are great to take into consideration for the addition of a living room. Not only will they increase what your home is worth, but you will definitely be proud of what you have accomplished! There is no doubt, though, that remodeling the living room is definitely worth it!

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How much does it cost to paint the whole house interior?

Painting the interior of your home can give it a fresh new look. People paint their interiors to revive tired or dirty walls, match a new interior design, brighten a dark room, or to visually change the scope of the area. Because many interiors follow whats known as a color story, or a cohesive color design throughout the home, its not uncommon to paint the entirety of a home interior at one time.

The average-size home in the United States is around 2,300 square feet, while the average cost of interior painting ranges from $2-$5 per square foot, with most homeowners paying around $3. This makes the cost of painting a home interior $6,900 on average in the US.

There are several factors that go into determining the final cost of the project. In addition to average home size, you may also find that costs can vary depending on:

While many painters do charge on a per square foot basis, some may also charge by the room, or by the job. This can vary depending on your scope of work.

One of the benefits of painting an entire home interior at once is the ability to create a color story or plan the way that the color will flow from room to room, and how to best complement each space with the color of the walls.

Even if you plan on painting your home in various shades of white or off white, there is still a fair amount of planning that should go into the project to ensure that you get the results you want. Color and tone have a powerful impact on how a room is perceived, so its crucial to take the time to view each room on its own and in conjunction with the rest of the space.

Color is always the first consideration when painting a home. Most paint manufacturers offer samples to try that can allow you to make a more informed decision. Because light within a room may vary from wall to wall as well as from day to night, try painting a large piece of poster board in the color or colors you are considering. Move the board from wall to wall and look at it for a minimum of 24 hours at a time in each space to make sure you like the color before committing.

Keep in mind that color can impact the way a room appears in many ways. Light colors may help brighten a darker space. Cool colors will recede visually from the eye, and make a small space appear bigger. Warm colors contract visually, which can make larger spaces appear smaller or more cozy. Combining cool and warm tones in one room - like with accent walls - can visually change the shape of a room, making rectangles look more like squares.

When you move from room to room, consider your color story, or how the colors will interact. Using complementary colors - colors that sit opposite one another on the color wheel, will create a very dramatic look in your home. Choosing analogous colors, which sit beside one another on the color wheel, creates a more subtle appearance. Monochromatic looks can also be very effective in small spaces, when you choose varying shades of one color to give variety, but without definition.

Taking initial measurements can help you get a ballpark for the cost of having a room painted in your home. Most painters will take more detailed measurements that take into account the color and type of paint to help you determine exactly how much paint is needed.

To get basic measurements, measure the length and width of each wall you want to paint in inches. Multiply the length and height together, and divide by 144. This will give you the square footage for each wall. A gallon of paint typically covers around 400 square feet. In some cases, you may need a primer2 first, then a single coat of paint, meaning that you may need one gallon of primer and one gallon of paint to cover 400 square feet. However, if the wall requires multiple coats, this will increase the total amount of square footage required, and therefore the amount of paint.

You can get the measurements for any ceilings the same way. Trim like moldings or window casements are measured and priced by the linear foot. Measure in inches and then divide by 12 to find the total linear feet you want to cover.

If you are unsure about what colors will work best in a space, you may wish to hire an interior decorator to help. Decorators can look at your furnishings, the size and shape of a room, and the amount of light it gets to help you determine the best shades for the space. Design services cost around $50 to $200 an hour, and can help you find the perfect colors for your home.

Before painting can be done, a lot of preparation needs to go into each job. Some of this may be included in the painting fee, while you may be expected to take care of some of the jobs yourself before the painters arrive. These tasks include:

While it is entirely possible to paint over paint, some colors and types of paint do better over a primer, or a material that prepares the surface to receive the paint. If you are switching types of paint, such as going from oil to latex, the primer can help ensure that the new paint will adhere without cracking or peeling.

There are a few types of primer, and they are directly related to the type of paint you will use, as well as the surface you are painting.

Oil-based primers are good for painting on wood and work with both oil- and latex-based paints. They can help prevent stains from bleeding through the new paint. Oil-based primers cost around $30 a gallon.

Latex-based primers are good for drywall and work with latex paints. They can cover and seal small stains. Latex primers cost around $20 a gallon.

Shellac primers are good for wood, and for covering major damage from smoke or water. They can seal in the smell of smoke, as well as any staining. Shellac primers cost around $15 a gallon.

Like primers, paints come in many different varieties. This includes not only the base, such as oil, latex, or urethane, but also the quality of the paint and its finish.

Each paint manufacturer has a range of different paints, with better quality paints costing more, but giving better coverage with lower odor. Typically, each type of paint will come in a range of finishes such as:

There are several different brands of paint, each with its own cost range and set of colors. Typically, each brand will offer a high quality and a mid-range paint, and many colors and finishes to choose from.

Below are the most popular paint brands:

While many people choose to have their entire home painted at once, you may also choose to have a single room painted at a time. Each room of the home will have an average cost to paint, based on the size and complexity. Make sure to measure your space to get a better idea of the costs:

This job is usually done by a professional house painter. The painter will assess the walls, clean, and make any necessary repairs or removal of old wall coverings. They will also tape off any adjacent surfaces and cover nearby furniture and floors with drop cloths. Typically, they will apply a layer of primer, then one to three coats of paint, depending on the color and coverage. Once the paint is dry, they take a final walkthrough to inspect and make any necessary touch ups.

Typically, painters charge between $2 and $5 per square foot, although they may also give blanket prices per job. Some painters may also charge by the hour, with an average range of $50 an hour, with more for specialty paint jobs.

After your walls have been painted, wait at least two weeks before attempting to clean them to allow the paint to cure. Dust your walls regularly with a soft cloth and the vacuum brush attachment on your cleaner.

Wash most grime from your walls with a soft cloth or sponge that has been rung out thoroughly and mild soapy water. You can spot clean most walls and finishes with a mixture of baking soda and water. Rub the paste onto the mark with a sponge to work it in, then wipe clean with a new cloth and clean water.

Always make sure not to rub too hard or to use an abrasive sponge or cleanser, as this may dull the finish, particularly on flat paint.

Most interior paint jobs are priced by the square foot, at around $3/sq.ft. The average 3 bedroom house is around 1,300 square feet, making the average painting cost $3,900.

The average cost per square foot is around $3, making the total for a 2,500 sq.ft. house about $7,500.

Start by moving things away from the walls, cleaning the walls, and making sure they are in good condition. Tape off the trim and edges, cut in the sides with a paint brush, then roll on the interior.

Painters typically charge between $2 and $5 a square foot, depending on the complexity of the job. The average homeowner generally pays around $3 a foot.

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Cost to Paint a House - Estimates and Prices at Fixr

A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the roof structure or the floor of a story above. Ceilings can be decorated to taste, and there are many fine examples of frescoes and artwork on ceilings especially in religious buildings.

The most common type of ceiling is the dropped ceiling, which is suspended from structural elements above. Panels of drywall are fastened either directly to the ceiling joists or to a few layers of moisture-proof plywood which are then attached to the joists. Pipework or ducts can be run in the gap above the ceiling, and insulation and fireproofing material can be placed here.

A subset of the dropped ceiling is the suspended ceiling, wherein a network of aluminum struts, as opposed to drywall, are attached to the joists, forming a series of rectangular spaces. Individual pieces of cardboard are then placed inside the bottom of those spaces so that the outer side of the cardboard, interspersed with aluminum rails, is seen as the ceiling from below. This makes it relatively easy to repair the pipes and insulation behind the ceiling, since all that is necessary is to lift off the cardboard, rather than digging through the drywall and then replacing it.

Other types of ceiling include the cathedral ceiling, the concave or barrel-shaped ceiling, the stretched ceiling and the coffered ceiling. Coving often links the ceiling to the surrounding walls. Ceilings can play a part in reducing fire hazard, and a system is available for rating the fire resistance of dropped ceilings.

Ceilings are classified according to their appearance or construction. A cathedral ceiling is any tall ceiling area similar to those in a church. A dropped ceiling is one in which the finished surface is constructed anywhere from a few inches or centimeters to several feet or a few meters below the structure above it. This may be done for aesthetic purposes, such as achieving a desirable ceiling height; or practical purposes such as acoustic damping or providing a space for HVAC or piping. An inverse of this would be a raised floor. A concave or barrel-shaped ceiling is curved or rounded upward, usually for visual or acoustical value, while a coffered ceiling is divided into a grid of recessed square or octagonal panels, also called a "lacunar ceiling". A cove ceiling uses a curved plaster transition between wall and ceiling; it is named for cove molding, a molding with a concave curve.[1] A stretched ceiling (or stretch ceiling) uses a number of individual panels using material such as PVC fixed to a perimeter rail.[2]

Ceilings have frequently been decorated with fresco painting, mosaic tiles and other surface treatments. While hard to execute (at least in place) a decorated ceiling has the advantage that it is largely protected from damage by fingers and dust. In the past, however, this was more than compensated for by the damage from smoke from candles or a fireplace. Many historic buildings have celebrated ceilings. Perhaps the most famous is the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo.

Ceiling height may have psychological impacts.[3]

The most common ceiling that contributes to fire-resistance ratings in commercial and residential construction is the dropped ceiling. In the case of a dropped ceiling, the rating is achieved by the entire system, which is both the structure above, from which the ceilings is suspended, which could be a concrete floor or a timber floor, as well as the suspension mechanism and, finally the lowest membrane or dropped ceiling. Between the structure that the dropped ceiling is suspended from and the dropped membrane, such as a T-bar ceiling or a layer of drywall, there is often some room for mechanical and electrical piping, wiring and ducting to run.

An independent ceiling, however, can be constructed such that it has a stand-alone fire-resistance rating. Such systems must be tested without the benefit of being suspended from a slab above in order to prove that the resulting system is capable of holding itself up. This type of ceiling would be installed to protect items above from fire.

An unrestrained non-loadbearing ceiling undergoing a 4-hour fire test. Deflection is measured off the I-beam.

Durasteel ceiling after successful fire test, being raised from the furnace and readied for an optional 45PSI (3.1 bar) hose-stream test.

demonstrative reconstruction of a Roman suspended ceiling in an Imperial palace of c. AD 306 at Trier

The interior of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City in Rome, showing the ceiling in relation to the other frescoes.

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Ceiling - Wikipedia