Home Builder Developer - Interior Renovation and Design

KNOW THE ENEMY: TERMITES

These home invaders actually serve a purpose in nature. They digest wood and other cellulose material, breaking down dead trees and vegetation.

There are three termite types to worry about in the United States. Knowing the types helps you know where to watch out for termite invaders.

This type builds its colonies underground. They need contact with soil to maintain their moisture levels. A regular source of moisture is critical to a subterranean colonys survival.

Subterranean termites are the most common type in the United States.

There are numerous species of subterranean termites one of the most aggressive and destructive species are Formosan termites. They can form a carton nest above ground, limiting their need for ground contact.

This type colonizes in wood above ground. Unlike subterranean termites, they dont need contact with soil to survive.

This type typically lives in damp and decaying wood. They require regular contact with water as well as a high humidity level to survive. Dampwood termites are the largest in size of the three types.

Termites are social insects and live in colonies with specific roles. There are workers, soldiers, reproductives and even queens.

As a colony matures, it may release winged males and females or swarmers. If they survive, swarmers will settle, shed their wings and form a new colony.

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Termite Control & Home Termite Inspections | Terminix

To provide a termite inspection, the termite inspector must have at least an ID card issued from the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (DACS). Aunit of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services is the Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control. The Bureaus Pest Control Section regulates the activities and issues licenses to the pest management industry. Their authority is given through the Structural Pest Control Act, Chapter 482, Chapter 5E-14, Florida Administrative Code andFlorida Statutes and the Associated Rules of the Department. Termite inspection ID cards are issued to State Certified Operators that are licensed in the category of Termite and Other Wood Destroying Organisms, or licensed applicator/inspectors working under the State Certified Operators direction. These licensed applicator/inspectorsmust have additional training and sign an affidavit stating that they have had this training. Card holders are allowed to perform WDO inspections in Florida. Home Inspectors who do not possess one of these credentials may not perform a termite inspection Florida. Reynolds Pest Management, Inc. is properly licensed to do a termite inspection Florida (WDO reports).

Florida is a great place for termites to flourish so it is important to do a termite inspection regularly. So what does a termite inspection, and other Wood Destroying Organism consist of; First of all, consumers need to know what the major types of termites and what are other wood destroying organisms. Basically, there are three different types of termites that are in Florida, and within those types are different species. But, really all you basically need to know is that a termite inspector will be looking for evidence of following three types:

Subterranean termites are by far the most common termite found in Florida. Most subterranean termites live in the ground because they need an additional moisture source, and build mud tubes from the colony in to structures to find wood to consume. Since subterranean termites usually have a large colony when they invade a structure they usually cause damage pretty rapidly. Termite inspectors look for mud tubes, damaged wood, wings from swarmers to determine if you have subterranean termites. The good news is that this type of termite can be prevented.

Click or Call 772-334-7007, or 561-746-7969 for a Termite Inspection | Evaluation !

Drywood termites obtain all the moisture they need from the wood itself. Therefore, prevention is difficult at best. Drywood termites are primarily found along coastal areas. Drywood termites swarm in the spring and summer months. They pair off and find a suitable wood source to start their colony. Unlike subterranean termites, drywood termites start as a pair and so the damage is slower since it takes time for the colony to grow. Inspectors look for termite pellets, damaged wood, wings from swarmers to determine if you have drywood termites. Wings are usually found on or along window sills and near other light sources and have a prism color like effect when looking at them

Click or Call 772-334-7007, or 561-746-7969 for a Termite Inspection | Evaluation !

Dampwood termites as their name implies primarily live in dampwood. There are situations such as homes that are built on wood pilings that are in the water have needed treatment, but for most part the method of eliminating dampwood termites has been to get rid of the damp wood. Dampwood termites require a high moisture content in wood, so usually they are not a problem in structures. If they are, the damp wood situation needs to be corrected.

There are a variety of types of wood boring beetles that may infest seasoned wood in structure including furniture. Below are images of the major wood infesting beetles such as theAnobiid powderpost beetle, Bostrichid powderpost beetle, Lyctid Powderpost Beetles, Old House Borer, and other less common species.

Credit: James Castner, University of Florida

Click or Call 772-334-7007, or 561-746-7969 for a Termite Inspection | Evaluation !

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Termite Inspection - Reynolds Pest

Professional Pressure Washing

Pressure washing is a fast and effective way to clean decks, siding, driveways, and other exterior areas of your property. To have it done right, without the hassle and expense of renting a power washer, call Mr. Handyman for professional power washing services and get the clean deck, siding and driveway you want, fast!

Renting a power washer yourself can cost $100 per day. Your local Mr. Handyman will arrive at your property with a pressure washer in hand, along with ladders, the right-sized hoses and any desired detergents or degreasers, and expertly power wash the areas you need cleaned, using the appropriate nozzle and pressure settings for each specific job.

That means no traveling back and forth to the rental location, standing in line, prepping the machine, cleaning, re-fueling or returning the machine by the deadlineand your deck, siding, driveway or garage floor will look like new.

Pressure washers are also fantastic tools for cleaning and brightening fences, outdoor play equipment, walkways, garage doors and masonry.

While making exterior surfaces look newer, a good, thorough pressure wash can reduce wear and tear by removing the dirt, mold, algae, chalk, insects and weeds that break down and cause damage to wood and masonry, and degrade protective paint and stain.

Pressure washing also makes outdoor play equipment more sanitary for the kids, removes plants and oil stains from driveways and walkways, and acts as the perfect prep for an exterior painting or staining project.

Just make sure you pay attention to the pressure. Each application has its own optimal nozzle and pressure setting. Power washers with low-degree nozzles (especially the zero-degree nozzleusually colored red) can splinter wood and carve into concrete.

We offer both half-day and full-day rates, meaning after a bonded, insured professional from Mr. Handyman finishes power washing, he can move on to other tasks on your "To-Do" list, from drywall repair to routine deck maintenance.

Maintain and beautify your home while spending more time doing what you love contact Mr. Handyman today.

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Professional Power Washing Services - Mr. Handyman

A key component of any lease negotiation is the tenant improvement allowance provided by the landlord to build-out or retrofit an office space for the tenants specific use.

One of the first questions every tenant has when considering either new or refurbished office space revolves around how much will build-out or tenant improvements (T.I.) cost? The tenants cost exposure is a key factor in the decision making process and important component in determining your projected total occupancy cost.

Projecting build-out costs beyond general ranges is challenging without the benefit of the space planning process, and so many building type options and lease size parameters that affect this estimate. Our friends at Kirksey Architectureprovided this Tenant Improvement Cost Guideline.

All categories reference a 25,000-sf floor plate with 50% offices and 50% open plan. Construction cost only, does not include owner provided AV and IT equipment.This is a guideline only and actual costs will vary based on the condition of the original space, the amount of re-usable assets, the tenant size (say floor versus full floor) and other factors.

The most basic applicable space to type A building, but using all new components 18-cell parabolic lights, stndard 22 fineline ceiling, wood veneer building standard doors with mortised hardware, no glass at office fronts, minimal millwork and all plastic laminate, $25/yd broadlooom carpet, standard electrical and HVAC.

Upgraded with 24 recessed direct/indirect light fixtures, 22 fineline ceiling, wood veneer building standard doors with mortised hardware, full-height glass office fronts in aluminum framing system, more extensive plastic laminate millwork with solid surface countertops throughout, $35/yd carpet tiles, more extensive electrical service with 24/7 server room AC and two supplemental fan-coil units for conference room zones.

Upgraded with some drywall ceiling areas with indirect cove lighting, architectural woodwork doors and frames, glass office fronts in matching wood framing; 30% of wall areas as premium grade architectural woodwork, 40% with acoustical fabric wall covering, 30% as painted drywall; extensive wood veneer millwork with granite countertops, $45/yd broadloom carpet, more extensive lighting and custom fixtures for artwork and accent areas.

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cost to build-out an office space - THE TENANT ADVISOR

Your vehicle, when new, had Goodyear Extended Mobility Tires (EMT). There's no spare tire, no tire changing equipment and no place to store a tire in the vehicle. Extended Mobility Tires perform so well without any air that a Tire Pressure Monitor (TPM) is used to alert you if a tireh as lost pressure.

The Tire Pressure Monitor (TPM) has a sensor on each road wheel that transmits to a receiver on the instrument panel.

The system operates on a radio frequency subject to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and with Industry and Science Canada.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

This device complies with RSS-210 of Industry and Science Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Changes or modifications to this system by other than an authorized service facility could void authorization to use this equipment.

If a tire's inflation pressure is between 5 psi (35 kPa) and 25 psi (170 kPa), you will see a message on the Driver Information Center. This message will show which tire is underinflated and two chimes will sound. An example would be LOW TIRE PRESSURE-LR. This would mean that the inflation pressure in your left rear tire is between 5 psi (35 P a ) and 25 psi (170 P a ) . If the inflation pressure in the tire drops below 5 psi (35 Ea), the message would read FLAT TIRE-LR and four chimes will sound. See "Driver Information Center" in the Index.

The TPM will also alert you if a tire's pressure is higher than 42 psi (290 Wa). The message will show which tire is overinflated and two chimes will sound. An example would be HIGH PRESSURE-LR. This would mean that the inflation pressure in your left rear tire is higher than 42 psi (290 kPa). See "Driver Information Center" in the Index.

If a tire pressure message appears on the Driver Information Center, stop as soon as you can. Have the tire pressures checked and set to those shown on your Tire Loading Information label. See "Inflation -- Tire Pressure" in the Index.

CAUTION: When the LOW TIRE PRESSURE or FLAT TIRE message is displayed on the Driver Information Center, your vehicle's handling capabilities will be reduced during severe maneuvers. If you drive too fast, you could lose control of your vehicle. You or others could be injured, Don't drive ove5r5 mph (90 km/h) when the LOW TIRE PRESSURE or FLAT TIRE message is displayed. Drive cautiously, and check your tire pressures as soon as you can.

If a tire goes flat, you won't need to stop on the side of the road to change the tire. You can just keep on driving. The shorter the distance you drive and the slower the speed, the greater the chance that the tire will not have to be replaced. If you drive on a deflated EMT for 50 miles (80 km) or less and at speeds of 55 mph (90 km/h) or less, there is a good chance that the tire can be repaired. The tire can operate effectively with no air pressure for up to 200 miles (320 km) at speeds up to 55 mph (90 km/h), but the tire would then have to be replaced. When a tire is filled with air, it provides a cushion between the road and the wheel. Because you won't have this cushion when driving on a deflated tire, try to avoid potholes that could damage your wheel and require replacement of it.

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Service | C5 Corvette Intelligent Owners Manual

Creating Healthy, Affordable Remodeled Basements in Bangor, Portland, Lewiston, Waterville & Nearby Areas

"Couldn't ask for a better company...We would highly recommend their services ... Read More

Imagine finishing your basement only once--and having it stay warm, beautiful, and healthy for years and years to come.

Keith Trembley Home Solutions, formerly known as Keith Trembley Builders, is your locally owned and operated Total Basement Finishing contractor in Maine. We have years of experience working in basements and homes, providing homeowners with beautiful, functional, healthy living spaces.

In addition to basement remodeling, we also provide complete mold remediation services, conducted by certified professionals.

Contact us today to setup a free basement design consultation! Looking for a solution to your mold problem? We offer no-cost estimates for mold removal.

Define the mood of your new basement space with a finished floor.

Our basement paneling is 24% more energy efficient than comparable products.

A wall board system that's waterproof and 197% stronger than conventional drywall.

Our insulated, moisture-proof subfloor creates a warm dry surface for finished flooring.

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Basement Finishing & Mold Remediation Contractor Portland ...

Award of Excellence 2006 - 2015

Gulf Coast Windows has been an established business in the greater Houston area for over 35 years. While we are best known for our services of installing and replacing windows, we also install and replace composite fiberglass entry doors. Our company prides itself in offering trustworthy and reliable service to the great city of Houston and its surrounding areas. We've been the recpient of the prestigious Pinnacle Award from the Better Business Bureau (BBB); the Pinnacle Award is the highest award presented by the BBB within their business category. In addition, the BBB has also given us the Award for Excellence from 2006 through 2015. At Gulf Coast Windows, when it comes to be the meeting all of your window and glass door replacement needs, we guarantee the best service in Houston.

More than Just a Window

Gulf Coast Windows offers a variety of solutions for new or replacement windows. Our composite windows, one of our most energy efficient and technologically advanced products, are designed to meet the specific solar and energy needs of Houston area residents, and can be completely customized to improve performance based on a number of different factors, including the design of your home and your personal preferences!

The secret behind the windows performance is its exceptionally low air infiltration ratings, lowframe conduction and our exclusive Heat Reflectorcoatings with Argon Gas. These unique benefitscan lower the energy consumption of a typical home by as much as 40%.

Our composite windows are easy to install and easy to clean, which makes them very popular. They can be customized to fit any size opening, and they provide a powerful seal in order to reduce the risk of air leaks. These windows can tilt or rotate to simplify and speed up cleaning. Our in-house experts are always ready to demonstrate our composite windows and discuss your windows options.

If you're not sure what type of doors or windows you need, our friendly and professionally trained staff will assist you in selecting the right products for you, whether it be composite vinyl, aluminum, wood clad, hurricane, or storm windows and doors. Please call us or complete our quote form to discuss your needs. We offer free in-house consultations.

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Gulf Coast Windows - Window replacement company, Houston

$20.00 - $35.00 /sf/year1,500 - 20,000 SF

Highlights: - New Build-to-Suit construction in the smokin' hot Lincoln Park Clybourn Corridor. Phenomenal location adjacent to new $9 million Crme de la Crme daycare, caddy corner to the new Mariano' s Fresh Market, directly across the street from Webster Place (Theater, LA Fitness, Barnes & Noble). Three blocks to the Lincoln Park Costco. - Ground level spaces from 2,000 20,000sf, 2nd floor spaces from 2,000 10,000 sf. Approved for retail, office, and restaurant uses. 61 parking spaces with ample supplemental off-street parking (garage across the street). - Within a half-mile: average annual household income of $125,000; additional existing retailers include Trader Joe' s, Treasure Island, Kohls' s, Best Buy, Mariano' s Fresh Market (under construction), Whole Foods, Sephora, Ulta, Crate & Barrel, Binny' s, Pottery Barn, Petco, West Elm, Bed Bath & Beyond, Starbuck' s, Bath & Body Works, Express, Victoria' s Secret, and the Apple Store. - Site has all utilities, landscaping, and lighting in place. Frontage of 250 feet on Webster, 240 feet along the Chicago River. Class C real estate tax designation, which limits assessment increases.

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Chicago , IL Retail Space - Cityfeet

World WarII Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the Battle of Wanjialing, Australian 25-pounder guns during the First Battle of El Alamein, German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front in December 1943, a USnaval force in the Lingayen Gulf, Wilhelm Keitel signing the German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad Participants Allies Axis Commanders and leaders Main Allied leaders Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Winston Churchill Chiang Kai-shek Main Axis leaders Adolf Hitler Hirohito Benito Mussolini Casualties and losses Military dead: Over 16,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 45,000,000 Total dead: Over 61,000,000 (193745) ...further details Military dead: Over 8,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 4,000,000 Total dead: Over 12,000,000 (193745) ...further details

World WarII (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War (after the recent Great War), was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (during which approximately 11 million people were killed)[1][2] and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (during which approximately one million people were killed, including the use of two nuclear weapons in combat),[3] it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World WarII the deadliest conflict in human history.[4]

The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937,[5] but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939[6] with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Following the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. For a year starting in late June of 1940, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth were the only Allied forces continuing the fight against the European Axis powers, with campaigns in North Africa and the Horn of Africa as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1941, the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the largest land theatre of war in history, which trapped the major part of the Axis' military forces into a war of attrition. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European territories in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific.

The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, and Germany was defeated in North Africa and then, decisively, at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. In 1943, with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender, and Allied victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands.

The war in Europe ended with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet and Polish troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declaration of war on Japan and invasion of Manchuria, Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945. Thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies.

World WarII altered the political alignment and social structure of the world. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powersthe United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, and Francebecame the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.[7] The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity.[8]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939,[9][10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937,[11] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931.[12][13]

Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and the two wars merged in 1941. This article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World WarII include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935.[14] The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of the Second World War as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939.[15]

The exact date of the war's end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945 (V-J Day), rather than the formal surrender of Japan (2 September 1945); it is even claimed in some European histories that it ended on V-E Day (8 May 1945).[citation needed] A peace treaty with Japan was signed in 1951 to formally tie up any loose ends such as compensation to be paid to Allied prisoners of war who had been victims of atrocities.[16]A treaty regarding Germany's future allowed the reunification of East and West Germany to take place in 1990 and resolved other post-World War II issues.[17]

World War I had radically altered the political European map, with the defeat of the Central Powersincluding Austria-Hungary, Germany and the Ottoman Empireand the 1917 Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia. Meanwhile, existing victorious Allies such as France, Belgium, Italy, Greece and Romania gained territories, and new Nation states were created out of the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman and Russian Empires.

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World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A narrative or story is any report of connected events, actual or imaginary, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, or still or moving images.[1]

Narrative can be organized in a number of thematic and/or formal categories: non-fiction (e.g. definitively including creative non-fiction, biography, journalism, and historiography); fictionalization of historical events (e.g. anecdote, myth, legend, and historical fiction); and fiction proper (e.g. literature in prose and sometimes poetry, such as short stories, novels, and narrative poems and songs, as well as imaginary narratives as portrayed in other textual forms, games, or live or recorded performances). Narrative is found in all forms of human creativity, art, and entertainment, including speech, literature, theatre, music and song, comics, journalism, film, television and video, radio, gameplay, unstructured recreation, and performance in general, as well as some painting, sculpture, drawing, photography, and other visual arts (though several modern art movements refuse the narrative in favor of the abstract and conceptual), as long as a sequence of events is presented. The word derives from the Latin verb narrare, "to tell", which is derived from the adjective gnarus, "knowing" or "skilled".[2]

Oral storytelling is perhaps the earliest method for sharing narratives. During most people's childhoods, narratives are used to guide them on proper behavior, cultural history, formation of a communal identity, and values, as especially studied in anthropology today among traditional indigenous peoples.[3] Narratives also act as "living" entities through cultural stories, as they are passed on from generation to generation. Because the narrative storytelling is often left without explicit meanings, children act as participants in the storytelling process by delving deeper into the open-ended story and making their own interpretations.[4]

The word "story" may be used as a synonym for "narrative" as well as for "plot," the collective events within any given narrative. Narratives may also be nested within other narratives, such as narratives told by an unreliable narrator (a character) typically found in noir fiction genre. An important part of narration is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration (see also "Narrative Aesthetics" below).

Along with exposition, argumentation, and description, narration, broadly defined, is one of four rhetorical modes of discourse. More narrowly defined, it is the fiction-writing mode whereby the narrator communicates directly to the reader.

Owen Flanagan of Duke University, a leading consciousness researcher, writes that "Evidence strongly suggests that humans in all cultures come to cast their own identity in some sort of narrative form. We are inveterate storytellers."[5] Stories are an important aspect of culture. Many works of art and most works of literature tell stories; indeed, most of the humanities involve stories.[citation needed]

Stories are of ancient origin, existing in ancient Egyptian, ancient Greek, Chinese and Indian cultures and their myths. Stories are also a ubiquitous component of human communication, used as parables and examples to illustrate points. Storytelling was probably one of the earliest forms of entertainment. As noted by Owen Flanagan, narrative may also refer to psychological processes in self-identity, memory and meaning-making.

Semiotics begins with the individual building blocks of meaning called signs; and semantics, the way in which signs are combined into codes to transmit messages. This is part of a general communication system using both verbal and non-verbal elements, and creating a discourse with different modalities and forms.

In On Realism in Art Roman Jakobson argues that literature exists as a separate entity. He and many other semioticians prefer the view that all texts, whether spoken or written, are the same, except that some authors encode their texts with distinctive literary qualities that distinguish them from other forms of discourse. Nevertheless, there is a clear trend to address literary narrative forms as separable from other forms. This is first seen in Russian Formalism through Victor Shklovsky's analysis of the relationship between composition and style, and in the work of Vladimir Propp, who analysed the plots used in traditional folk-tales and identified 31 distinct functional components.[6] This trend (or these trends) continued in the work of the Prague School and of French scholars such as Claude Lvi-Strauss and Roland Barthes. It leads to a structural analysis of narrative and an increasingly influential body of modern work that raises important epistemological questions

In literary theoretic approach, narrative is being narrowly defined as fiction-writing mode in which the narrator is communicating directly to the reader. Until the late 19th century, literary criticism as an academic exercise dealt solely with poetry (including epic poems like the Iliad and Paradise Lost, and poetic drama like Shakespeare). Most poems did not have a narrator distinct from the author.

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Narrative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia