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Fibromyalgia affects 1% to 5% of Americans, mainly women, but until recently, scientists had no idea what might be causing its severe and mysterious pains. For decades, doctors told patients their agony was imaginary, the result of emotional hysteria, not a physical ailment.
But this year, researchers finally began to get a handle on the condition.
"What's happened is in 2013 there's been this absolute explosion of papers," says neurologist Anne Louise Oaklander at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. "The whole view on this has shifted."
Oaklander published two studies this year showing that half or more of the cases of fibromyalgia are really a little-known condition affecting the nerves. People with this small-fiber neuropathy get faulty signals from tiny nerves all over the body, including internal organs, causing an odd constellation of symptoms from pain to sleep and digestive problems that overlap with symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Neuroscientist Frank Rice and a team based at Albany Medical College also discovered that there are excessive nerve fibers lining the blood vessels of the skin of fibromyalgia patients - removing any doubt that the condition is physically real.
These fibers in the skin can sense blood flow and control the dilation and constriction of vessels to regulate body temperature, Rice says, as well as direct nutrients to muscles during exercise. Women have more of these fibers than men, he says, perhaps explaining why they are much more likely to get fibromyalgia.
"Blood vessel nerve fibers are an important target that haven't been in our line of thinking to date in chronic pain conditions," says Rice, now president and chief scientist at Integrated Tissue Dynamics LLC, a biotechnology research company in Rensselaer, N.Y.
In recent years, scans of patients with fibromyalgia have revealed brain changes associated with pain, but the new research suggests these are a symptom rather than the cause of the condition.
This new understanding of fibromyalgia will hopefully lead to better treatments, Rice and Oaklander say.
Right now, most people are treated with the antidepressants Cymbalta made by Eli Lilly, or Savella by Forest Pharmaceuticals, or with Lyrica, a seizure medication from Pfizer - which have all been federally approved for use in fibromyalgia.
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New research sheds light on mysterious fibromyalgia pain
PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:
17-Dec-2013
Contact: Irati Kortabitarte i.kortabitarte@elhuyar.com 34-943-363-040 Elhuyar Fundazioa
Proteins are basic building blocks of life. The chemistry and structure of proteins are essential for their biological function. Indeed, the structure of proteins determines their mechanical and catalytic properties (e.g. enzymes). Such functions literally shape all living beings. Furthermore, the protein structure also plays a major role in many diseases. For example, the secondary structure of a protein (whether it has helical (alpha-) or sheet-like (beta-) internal substructures) is highly relevant in the pathogenous mechanism leading to Alzheimer, Parkinson, and other neuro-degenerative diseases. Although a variety of methods have been developed to study the protein chemistry and structure, recognizing and mapping the secondary structure on the nanometer scale, or even with single protein sensitivity, is still a major challenge. A new infrared spectroscopy technique, called nano-FTIR, has now enabled nanoscale chemical imaging and probing of protein's secondary structure with enormous sensitivity.
nano-FTIR is an optical technique that combines scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The latter is a tool often used for studying secondary structure of proteins that, however, does not allow for nanoscale mapping of proteins by itself. In nano-FTIR, a sharp metalized tip is illuminated with a broadband infrared laser beam, and the backscattered light is analyzed with a specially designed Fourier transform spectrometer. With this technique, the researchers could now demonstrate local infrared spectroscopy of proteins with a spatial resolution of less than 30 nm.
"The tip acts as an antenna for infrared light and concentrates it at the very tip apex. The nanofocus at the tip apex can be thus considered as an ultra-small infrared light source. It is so small that it only illuminates an area of about 30x30 nm, which is the scale of large protein complexes", says project leader Rainer Hillenbrand.
In order to demonstrate the versatility of nano-FTIR for nanoscale-resolved protein spectroscopy, the researchers measured infrared spectra of single viruses, ferritin complexes, purple membranes and insulin fibrils. "They all exhibit variations of their secondary structure - describes Iban Amenabar, who performed the nanospectroscopy experiments-; viruses and ferritin are mainly made of alpha-helical structures, while insulin fibrils are mainly made of beta-sheet structures". Simon Poly, the biologist in the team, explains that "in a mixture of insulin fibrils and few viruses, standard FTIR spectroscopy did not reveal the presence of the alpha-helical viruses. By probing the protein nanostructures one by one with nano-FTIR we could clearly identify the virus, that is the alpha-helical structures within the beta-sheet ones".
An important aspect of enormous practical relevance is that the nano-FTIR spectra of proteins match extremely well with conventional FTIR spectra, while the spatial resolution is increased by more than 100. "We could measure infrared spectra of even single ferritin particles. These are protein complexes of only 24 proteins. The mass of one ferritin complex is extremely small, only 1 attogram, but we could clearly recognize its alpha-helical structure", says Amenabar.
The researchers also studied single insulin fibrils, which are a model system for neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that insulin fibrils have a core of beta-sheet structure but their complete structure is still not fully clarified. "In nano-FTIR spectra of individual fibrils we recognized not only beta-sheet structure, but also alpha-helical structures, which might be of relevance for fibril association," says Alexander Bittner, leader of the Self-Assembly Group at nanoGUNE.
"We are excited about the novel possibilities that nano-FTIR offers. With sharper tips and improved antenna function, we also hope to obtain infrared spectra of single proteins in the future. We see manifold applications, such as studies of conformational changes in amyloid structures on the molecular level, the mapping of nanoscale protein modifications in biomedical tissue or the label-free mapping of membrane proteins. This could lead to a new era in infrared nano-bio-spectroscopy", concludes Rainer Hillenbrand, head of the Nanooptics Group at nanoGUNE.
News 13 - Tuesday 17th December, 2013
Roll Hall of Fame next year. The Rock Hall announced Tuesday that Hall and Oates, Linda Ronstadt and Cat Stevens also will be inducted April 10 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. Artists are eligible for induction 25 years after their first release. Nirvana received a nomination in its first year of eligibility and next year the band will celebrate the 25th anniversary of its debut, ...
West Australian - Tuesday 17th December, 2013
Bangkok (AFP) - Thailand's opposition party said Tuesday it remained undecided over whether to boycott snap polls called by the government to mollify massive street protests. A boycott would likely plunge the kingdom deeper into turmoil, after weeks of street protests against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and her brother Thaksin -- an ousted billionaire ex-premier who is despised by ...
Phuket Gazette - Tuesday 17th December, 2013
The warning follows the drowning of a 9-year-old nephew of a beach masseuse at Karon. There were no large waves and no red flags posted that day. Photo: Steven ...
Business Insurance - Tuesday 17th December, 2013
Developments and trends affecting buyers of specialty insurance lines, including D&O, E&O, employment practices liability, cyber risk, marine and transportation, and surplus ...
SINA - Tuesday 17th December, 2013
Former Thai prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva (C) arrives at court in Bangkok on December 12, 2013 where he was indicted for murder in connection with a deadly military crackdown on mass opposition protests in Bangkok three years ...
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Russian man found dead in Pattaya condominium room
[Editors note: This story appears in the My Favorite Room section of the December 2013 issue of LCT magazine.]
Canaanwhich for this purpose refers to the historical town now divided into North Canaan and Falls Villageis a community with two dominant cultural traditions: WASP and Italian-American. The warm and inviting home of John Pozzi of Falls Village perfectly encapsulates both qualities, recalling the stalwart first families who settled the wilderness town in the 1730s and the equally intrepid Italian immigrants who left their homes and beloved families to find a new life in the United States a century later.
Mr. Pozzi, an educator who during his first retirement took a 90-day position as interim principal at Lee H. Kellogg School in Falls Village and stayed for 10 years, has now lived in the town for a quarter century, all of them in a cozy little cottage on Belden Street that once belonged to the prolific, pioneering Beldens. While the house has evolvedas all doover the nearly 250 years of its history, Mr. Pozzi has carefully maintained the historic quality of his home.
Here one finds the heavy wooden beams, now exposed, that form the strong bones of the house, still tight and square despite the centuries. Here, too, is the massive central chimney whose stones, once heated by fires that never went out, radiated warmth throughout its rooms. And here, is a modern additionthe compact but efficient kitchen that is the social center for this warm-hearted Italian family.
Mr. Pozzis love of cooking and entertaining explains his designation of his favorite room: the large communal room that was once central to the Colonial life of the Belden family and that today is the focus of family gatherings for the extended Pozzi clan.
My wife and I had six children, he said, and now I have 15 grandchildren and one great-grandchild. We have always been a close family and often have as many as 20 people here for holidays.
Mr. Pozzi is expecting his family to gather once again for Thanksgiving. He was seated recently at the head of the modest size dining room table, which was surrounded by six authentic-looking Windsor chair reproductions. Asked where he would put such a large gathering, he said a table in the living room folds neatly out of the way most of the time but extends amply when the holidays roll around. More family members eat at the table in the dining room on other side of the kitchen and, if there is overflow, They can sit in the chairs in the den, he said.
Italians are very food-oriented, he said, and social gatherings center around wonderful meals and sharing that. My grandparents had six kids and there were a lot of us. It was the preparing and sharing of good food that was most important.
Mr. Pozzis classic little saltbox home is one of five houses that will be included in the Falls Village-Canaan Historical Societys third annual Holiday Historic House Tour slated for Dec. 7 from 10:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., with a snow date of Dec. 8.
While the exact date of the houses construction is not certain, it was probably built by Charles Belden Jr. in 1778 or slightly later, when he married Lois Bosworth in 1784. Despite this relatively early date, Charles was already the third-generation of his family in the community. His grandfather, Silas Belding, bought land when the town was sold at auction in New London in 1737, and received the first share of land allotted by the proprietorsa parcel located near the Point of Rocks at the end of what is now known as Belden Street. Continued...
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Falls Village Home on December 7 House Tour
Regional Medical Center has improved its emergency room in recent months, speeding up procedures in preparation for a greater patient load caused by federal health reform, hospital officials say.
During the regular meeting of the RMC board, hospital CEO David McCormack said changes made to the emergency room in October have been successful by cutting down wait times for patients considerably. The changes have prepared the emergency room for increased patient volume from major health care expansion policies that begin in January as part of the 2010 Affordable Care Act, McCormack said.
"We have realigned the staff and the results have been significant," McCormack said. "Fortunately what we've done is working."
McCormack said that since October, emergency room visits for significant or life-threatening injuries have decreased to 2 hours from 3 hours, on average. In addition, the time for lesser emergency room visits, such as treatment for the flu, has dropped to an average of 20 minutes from 30 minutes, he said.
McCormack said that while hospital staff is always looking for ways to improve, the changes to the emergency room were needed to better handle impending patient increases through the ACA. On Jan. 1, insurance coverage begins for Alabamians who have bought health care through the state's federally managed insurance exchange. The exchanges were created through the ACA as a way to offer low-cost insurance mainly to people who previously could not afford it. The exchanges offer various plans through private insurers that will be federally subsidized by tax credits.
"When the ACA expansion begins, we wanted to be as ready and be as efficient as we possibly could," McCormack said.
McCormack said hospital staff researched the matter for months before developing a new process. Part of the change included hiring around 10 emergency medical technicians who all take turns managing the front desk at the emergency room. Previously, a secretary managed the desk, McCormack said.
"The EMTs can assess you quicker and decide if you need to go to the main emergency room or urgent care," McCormack said.
In addition, an urgent care room was established next to the main emergency room, which helps cut down on wait times, McCormack said. Previously, all emergency room visits, even if for minor injuries, were filtered into the same room, meaning there could be times when there was insufficient space for serious cases. Now, minor cases are sent to the urgent care room, freeing up more space and cutting wait time in the main emergency room for heart attack patients and other life-threatening cases.
Also during the meeting, the board learned part of RMC's fourth floor will soon be converted into a new Intensive Care Unit waiting room. Joe Weaver, COO for RMC, said the renovations will cost $150,000 and $175,000, will begin in January and probably take up to 90 days to complete. Weaver said an internal department was moved to another area of the hospital to make space for the planned 2,500-square-foot waiting room.
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Regional Medical Center improves emergency room wait times
Lone Survivor: Dietz Explains His Wife #39;s Remodeling Plans 2013 Movie Scene
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